论我国法医学鉴定体制改革

发布时间：2019-01-12 19:20

【摘要】： 法医学鉴定体制作为我国司法鉴定制度的重要组成部分，在现代诉讼中发挥着日益重要的作用。近年来，我国法医学鉴定制度问题日益突出，但从有关的研究和讨论情况来看，不少人士似乎依然受到传统思维方式和司法现状的限制，未能提出系统的改革思路和框架，本文试图通过对国外法医学鉴定制度进行一次比较法意义上的考察，并针对我国现行法医学鉴定体制中存在的弊端，对我国法医学鉴定体制进行全面、客观、系统地改革，从而建立一种适合我国国情的较为完整的、自成体系的法医学鉴定模式。本文共分两个部分，正文和结论。正文又分四个部分：第一部分是绪论，这部分中主要对法医学鉴定基本概念、法医学鉴定与司法鉴定的关系、以及我国法医学鉴定制度的历史发展进行了概述，提出了法医学鉴定的新概念，并对司法鉴定进行了重新分类，旨在为下文论述的法医学鉴定制度的建立打好基础。第二部分介绍了国外法医学鉴定体制，并比较我国现行的相应制度，以期从中发现适合我国国情的国外法医学鉴定体制的先进部分，，以便借鉴、学习。第三部分是我国法医学鉴定体制的现状与弊端，着重剖析了我国法医学鉴定体制存在的依据及我国现行法医学鉴定体制的弊端，从而发现问题，以便加以改善、解决。第四部分是本文的重点，通过对前三部分的分析、比较，提出了我国法医学鉴定体制的重构设想：首先，确定了法医学鉴定体制的目标定位，并以此为大前提。其次，提出了建立一元化多极法医学鉴定体制，即对我国法医学鉴定机构的设置和管理模式进行了重构。第三，在确定了我国法医学鉴定体制框架基础上，填充了法医学鉴定人制度、法医学制度及法医学鉴定结论的法律效力等内容。
[Abstract]:Forensic identification system, as an important part of judicial expertise system in China, plays an increasingly important role in modern litigation. In recent years, the problem of forensic identification system in China has become increasingly prominent. However, from the relevant research and discussion, many people seem to be still restricted by the traditional mode of thinking and the current situation of judicature, and fail to put forward a systematic reform idea and framework. This paper attempts to conduct a comparative study of the forensic identification system in foreign countries, and to carry out a comprehensive, objective and systematic reform of the forensic identification system in view of the drawbacks of the current forensic identification system in China. In order to establish a more complete, self-system forensic identification model suitable for the situation of our country. This paper is divided into two parts, text and conclusion. The text is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction, this part is mainly about the basic concept of forensic expertise, the relationship between forensic expertise and forensic expertise. This paper summarizes the historical development of forensic identification system in China, puts forward a new concept of forensic expertise, and reclassifies forensic expertise in order to lay a good foundation for the establishment of forensic expertise system discussed below. The second part introduces the foreign forensic identification system and compares the current corresponding systems in China in order to find the advanced part of the foreign forensic identification system suitable for our national conditions so as to learn from it. The third part is the present situation and the malpractice of the forensic identification system in our country. It emphatically analyzes the basis of the forensic identification system in our country and the malpractice of the current forensic medical identification system in our country, so as to find out the problems in order to improve and solve the problems. The fourth part is the focus of this paper, through the analysis of the first three parts, the author puts forward the assumption of reconstruction of forensic identification system in China. Firstly, it determines the target orientation of forensic identification system, and takes it as the premise. Secondly, the establishment of a unified multipolar forensic identification system is put forward, that is, the setup and management mode of forensic medical identification institutions in China are reconstructed. Thirdly, on the basis of establishing the framework of forensic identification system in our country, it fills in the content of forensic expert system, forensic medical system and the legal effect of forensic medical expertise conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D919.4

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