当代中国户籍制度改革问题及对策研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 14:35

【摘要】：当代中国户籍制度是中国社会一项重要的制度安排，包括户口登记即常住、暂住、出生、死亡、迁入、迁出、户口迁移制度；户籍变更制度；居民身份证制度。该制度首先划分为城市户口和农业户口，，然后将城市户口又从高到低依次划分。它是特定历史条件下的必然产物，为我国国民经济积累，保障生产生活资料低廉供应，优先发展城市等原因构建。对维持社会秩序而言，户籍制度通过户口登记、立项、迁移、管理，密切掌控人员动态流动，在及时防范、打击各种犯罪活动和灾害事故等方面起到了有效的屏风正面作用。当然，当代中国户籍制度弊端也较为明显，如隔离城乡，使得农村停留在相对落后封闭状态，造成公民权现实不平等，限制人力资源流动和阻隔外来人口融入当地社会等。当代中国户籍制度改革业已进入新的阶段。改革成本主要有农民转为市民的国家成本和个体成本，改革收益是实现迁徙自由和同等国民待遇，加快城市化进程和产业调整升级。改革困境主要有农民自身困难、城市承载能力、城市避免形成贫民窟等因素。改革阻力在于城市承载能力和农业基础稳固，市民既得利益与新进外来人员利益矛盾等。改革动力是城市化水平快速提高和城市拉力作用增强，农村推力猛增等。当代中国户籍制度改革应把握因地制宜、因势利导原则。在中央统一部署下，各地区结合实际，在做好配套工作的前提下，稳步推进并统筹城乡，保障转户农民的基本权利；坚持建立完善相关法律制度，按直辖市、副省级城市、地级市、县级城市、乡镇进行准入制度分级建设；重点解决进城务工经商人员，在县级中小城市和乡镇级小城镇安家落户等问题。
[Abstract]:The household registration system in contemporary China is an important institutional arrangement in Chinese society, including the system of permanent residence, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out, the system of household registration change, and the system of resident identity card, which includes the system of permanent residence registration, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out of the household registration system. The system is divided into urban hukou and agricultural hukou, and then urban hukou is divided from high to low. It is the inevitable product under the special historical conditions. It can accumulate for the national economy of our country, guarantee the cheap supply of production and living materials, and give priority to the development of cities and so on. For the maintenance of social order, the household registration system plays an effective and positive role in preventing and cracking down on all kinds of criminal activities and disaster accidents by registering, establishing items, moving, managing and closely controlling the dynamic movement of people. Of course, the drawbacks of contemporary Chinese household registration system are also more obvious, such as isolating urban and rural areas, making the countryside stay in a relatively backward closed state, resulting in inequality in the reality of citizenship, restricting the flow of human resources and preventing the integration of foreign population into the local society, and so on. The reform of the household registration system in contemporary China has entered a new stage. The reform cost mainly includes the national cost and the individual cost of the farmer to the citizen. The reform benefit is to realize the freedom of movement and equal national treatment, to speed up the urbanization process and the industrial adjustment and upgrade. The difficulties of reform mainly include farmers' own difficulties, bearing capacity of cities, avoiding the formation of slums and so on. The resistance to reform lies in the bearing capacity of the city and the stable agricultural foundation, the contradiction between the vested interests of the citizens and the interests of the new entrants and so on. The motive force of reform is the rapid improvement of urbanization level, the enhancement of urban pull force, the surge of rural thrust, and so on. The reform of household registration system in contemporary China should grasp the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and guiding according to circumstances. Under the unified deployment of the central authorities, according to the actual situation, under the premise of doing a good job of supporting the work, steadily promoting and coordinating urban and rural areas, ensuring the basic rights of farmers to transfer households; Adhere to the establishment and improvement of the relevant legal system, according to the municipality directly under the Central Government, sub-provincial cities, prefecture-level cities, county-level cities, township access system level construction; We will focus on solving the problems of settling down in small and medium-sized cities at county level and small towns at the township level by working and doing business in cities and towns at the county level.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D631.42

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