非法控制：黑社会（性质）组织的核心特征

发布时间：2019-05-23 02:52

【摘要】： 保护伞是否是黑社会性质组织的必备要件的问题，在司法界和理论界仍然存在争议。文章通过对国内外有组织犯罪集团概念的分析综合，比较黑社会(性质)组织与其他犯罪集团的异同，认为在一定的区域或行业实现非法控制是黑社会(性质)组织的核心特征。只有这一个特征才对是否成为黑社会性质组织起着决定性的作用，犯罪亚文化、组织的严密性、势力范围、经济实力都只是这个核心特征的具体表现。是否有保护伞并不能凸现黑社会(性质)组织的本质，势力强大的黑社会(性质)组织不需要保护伞也可以在与基层政权的对抗中占据优势，因此它不是黑社会(性质)组织必须具备的。但是腐败是保护伞产生的温床，因此保护伞仍然是一个值得我们重视的问题。黑社会(性质)组织的非法控制包括内部控制和外部控制两个方面。一方面不良亚文化是黑社会(性质)组织内部控制的纽带，，暴力不仅是外部控制也是内部控制的主要手段。另一方面，黑社会(性质)组织的外部控制包括建立势力范围，实现对经济的控制。同时，政权的渗透是大部分黑社会(性质)组织实现非法控制所需要的，因此也有探讨的必要。文章结合国外的典型案例，剖析了我国黑社会(性质)组织的内部控制和外部控制诸要素的形成原因和表现。
[Abstract]:Whether umbrella is a necessary element of underworld organization is still controversial in judicial and theoretical circles. Based on the analysis and synthesis of the concept of organized criminal group at home and abroad, this paper compares the similarities and differences between underworld (nature) organization and other criminal groups. It is considered that illegal control in a certain region or industry is the core feature of underworld organizations. Only this characteristic plays a decisive role in whether or not to become a underworld organization. The crime subculture, the rigour of the organization, the sphere of influence and the economic strength are only the concrete manifestations of this core feature. Whether there is an umbrella does not highlight the nature of the underworld (nature) organization, and the powerful underworld (nature) organization does not need an umbrella to occupy an advantage in the confrontation with the grass-roots political power. Therefore, it is not necessary for underworld organizations to have it. However, corruption is the hotbed of umbrella, so umbrella is still a problem worthy of our attention. The illegal control of underworld organizations includes internal control and external control. On the one hand, bad subculture is the link of internal control of underworld organizations, and violence is not only the main means of external control, but also the main means of internal control. On the other hand, the external control of underworld organizations includes the establishment of spheres of influence and the realization of economic control. At the same time, the infiltration of political power is needed by most underworld organizations to achieve illegal control, so it is also necessary to explore. Based on the typical cases abroad, this paper analyzes the causes and manifestations of the internal control and external control of underworld organizations in China.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D917

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