电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测皮肤电流损伤中金属元素研究

发布时间：2019-06-11 23:28

【摘要】：目的:通过动物实验建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)检测电流损伤皮肤金属化的方法,探讨甲醛固定液对ICP-MS检测电流损伤皮肤金属化的影响,最终建立ICP-MS检测人体电流损伤皮肤金属化的方法。方法:实验一新西兰大白兔24只,随机分为铜电击组、铁电击组、铝电击组,每组8只。电极一极固定于左后肢,另一极固定于左前肢,建立电击模型;利用黄铜、紫铜、铝、铁电极材料在220V交流电下电击,提取电击部位皮肤及右后肢相应部位皮肤作为对照;利用ICP-MS对皮肤样本中金属元素进行检测。实验二新西兰大白兔32只,随机分为黄铜电击组、铁电击组,每组16只,每组各自随机分两亚组,每个亚组8只,一组甲醛溶液固定1周,一组甲醛溶液固定6个月。电击模型同实验一。利用黄铜、铁电极材料以220V交流电下电击,提取电击部位皮肤以及右后肢相应部位皮肤作对照;电击部位皮肤分为两份,一份直接用于ICP-MS检测,一份于甲醛溶液固定后进行ICP-MS检测。实验三收集8例电击死亡案例。沿电流损伤皮肤边缘提取皮肤,同时提取远离电击部位的皮肤作为对照;提取皮肤分为两份,一份应用ICP-MS检测,一份用于制作组织病理学切片。结果:实验一黄铜电击组皮肤中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量升高(P0.05),紫铜电击组皮肤中的Cr、Cu、Pb含量升高(P0.05),铝电击组皮肤中的Al、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb含量升高(P0.05),铁电击组皮肤中的Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni含量升高(P0.05)。不同电极材料电击后皮肤中金属元素种类及含量也存在明显差异。实验二与对照组皮肤比较,黄铜组皮肤中检测出Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量升高(P0.05);固定1周、6个月后仍可检测出Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb成分,其中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb含量电击组与固定组差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,铁电击后皮肤中检测出Fe、Cr、Mn、Ni元素含量升高(P0.05);固定组(1周、6个月)后Fe、Cr、Ni元素含量与电击组差异无统计学意义。实验三案例1~4为案情明确且电流斑组织病理学诊断明确的电击伤。案例1中Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb元素含量显著增加,案例2中以Mn、Fe、Cu、Pb元素含量显著增加,案例3中以Mn、Fe、Ni、Pb元素含量显著增加,案例4中以Mn、Ni、Pb元素含量明显增加。案例5~6为案情不明但组织病理学发现可疑电流斑,其中案例5中Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb元素含量明显增加,案例6中为Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Pb元素含量明显增加。案例7现场提取的可疑电极材料检测出的主要金属元素为Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb,本案例中电击皮肤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb元素含量显著增加。案例8现场提取的可疑电极材料检测出的主要金属元素为Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb,电击皮肤中Co、Cu、Pb元素含量明显增加。结论:ICP-MS可作为检测电流损伤皮肤金属化的有效方法,并可为触电材料的推断提供依据。电击后皮肤经甲醛溶液固定后,仍可应用ICP-MS进行皮肤金属化检测。
[Abstract]:Aim: to establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS) method for detecting metallizing of current-damaged skin by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS), to explore the effect of formaldehyde fixation solution on the detection of metallizing of current-damaged skin by ICP-MS, and finally to establish a method for detecting metallizing of current-damaged skin by ICP-MS. Methods: twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into copper shock group, ferroelectric shock group and aluminum shock group with 8 rabbits in each group. The electrode was fixed to the left hindlimb and the other to the left forelimb to establish the electric shock model. Using brass, copper, aluminum and iron electrode materials under 220V AC electric shock, the skin of the electric shock site and the corresponding part of the right hindlimb were extracted as control, and the metal elements in the skin samples were detected by ICP-MS. In experiment 2, 32 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into brass shock group (n = 16) and ferroelectric shock group (n = 16). Each group was randomly divided into two subgroup groups with 8 rabbits in each subgroup. One group was fixed with formaldehyde solution for 1 week and the other group was fixed with formaldehyde solution for 6 months. The electric shock model is the same as experiment I. Brass and iron electrode materials were used to extract the skin of the electric shock site and the skin of the right hindlimb under 220V AC electric shock, and the skin of the electroshock site was divided into two parts, one was directly used for ICP-MS detection and the other was fixed with formaldehyde solution for ICP-MS detection. In experiment 3, 8 cases of electric shock death were collected. The skin was extracted along the edge of electric current injury and the skin away from electric shock was extracted as control. The extracted skin was divided into two parts, one was detected by ICP-MS, and the other was used to make pathological sections. Results: the content of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb in the skin of the brass shock group was increased (P 0.05), the content of Cr,Cu,Pb in the skin of the copper shock group was increased (P 0.05), the content of Al,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Pb in the skin of the aluminum shock group was increased (P 0.05), and the content of Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni in the skin of the iron shock group was increased (P 0.05). There were also significant differences in the types and contents of metal elements in the skin after electric shock with different electrode materials. In the second experiment, the content of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb in the skin of brass group was higher than that of the control group (P 0.05), and the content of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb could still be detected after 1 week and 6 months of fixation, and there was no significant difference in the content of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb between the electric shock group and the fixed group. Compared with the control group, the content of Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni in the skin increased after ferroelectric shock (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference in Fe,Cr,Ni content between the fixed group (1 week, 6 months) and the electric shock group. In experiment 3, case 1 / 4 was an electric shock injury with clear case and clear pathological diagnosis of current spot. The content of Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb increased significantly in case 1, Mn,Fe,Cu,Pb in case 2, Mn,Fe,Ni,Pb in case 3 and Mn,Ni,Pb in case 4. The suspicious current spot was found in case 5 / 6, in which the content of Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb element in case 5 was significantly increased, and the content of Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Pb element in case 6 was significantly increased. The main metal elements detected by suspicious electrode materials extracted in case 7 were Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,. In this case, the content of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb in electric shock skin increased significantly. In case 8, the main metal elements detected by suspicious electrode materials extracted in the field were the content of Co,Cu,Pb in the skin of Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Pb, electric shock. Conclusion: ICP-MS can be used as an effective method to detect metallizing of skin damaged by current, and can provide basis for inference of electric shock materials. After electric shock, the skin can still be metallized by ICP-MS after fixed with formaldehyde solution.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D919.4

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