大学生被害现象与对策研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 21:08

【摘要】：当代大学生被害的案例时有发生。大学生所遭受的侵害不仅包括财产损失还包括人身侵害,在一些性质恶劣的案件中,大学生甚至会失去生命。被害大学生及被害大学生周围的同学、朋友、亲人的生活和学习都因此受到了一定程度的影响。犯罪学理论研究视角的转变及犯罪预防重点的转变,使得从被害的角度研究犯罪预防成为犯罪学研究的重要内容。被害预防理论为大学生被害研究的理论基础。大学生作为一个群体呈现出不同的被害性,本文以被害理论为基础探寻大学生被害预防体系和大学生被害预防的具体措施。大学生是社会上的一个特殊群体,接受过大学教育的人,作为新思想的前沿群体、社会新技术、国家培养的高级专门人才,包括国家统招的在校学生,即大专生、本科生、硕士、博士等。目前,大学生被害的现象时有发生。大学生被害,即在我国各级各类高校接受高等教育在读的学生因为犯罪、一般违法行为的侵害而导致的情感痛苦、经济损失、身心损失或基本权利的重大损害。从收集到的资料来看,大学生被害呈现出大学生被害社会负面影响大、被害类型多样化、反复被害、大学生被害人防害意识薄弱、大学生缺乏预防教育和技能培训的特点。大学生被害类型多样化的特点反映出大学生被害的情景较为复杂,只有经过实证的调查研究才能对大学生被害的情况从整体上进行把握,从而更加理性的认识大学生被害。一方面,通过在校大学生被害问卷调查的形式,了解大学生被害的总体分析；另一方面,根据收集的案卷材料,分析大学生常见被害类型的特点。大学生常见的被害类型有盗窃被害、性受害、暴力被害、抢劫被害等。在被害发生的过程中,大学生自身存在的一些主客观因素会影响、刺激犯罪的发生,即大学生的被害性。大学生作为社会人的一部分,肯定会具有一般人所具有的一些被害性,但大学生也有自身的特别之处,例如,心理不成熟、活动场所特别、行为规律性等。因此,研究大学生被害性有其必要性。在客观方面,大学生的被害性主要表现在性别、年龄、社会阶层三方面；在主观方面,大学生的被害性主要表现在心理、行为方面。大学生被害性的研究为大学生被害预防具体措施的研究提供了依据。另外,被害预防是一个有机统一的整体,大学生被害预防作为被害预防的一部分也应该是一个有机统一的整体。大学生被害预防体系是指以个体被害预防为主、以高校犯罪预防为辅、以高发罪案个别预防为重点的综合预防被害体系。以此作为大学生被害预防的线索,在大学生被害预防的体系内,依据大学生的被害性,以被害过程作为分界点,即被害前、被害中、被害后,提出具体的预防措施。
[Abstract]:Contemporary college students are killed from time to time. The infringement suffered by college students includes not only property damage but also personal infringement. In some cases of bad nature, college students will even lose their lives. The life and study of the murdered college students and the students, friends and relatives around the murdered college students have been affected to a certain extent. With the change of the perspective of criminology theory and the focus of crime prevention, the study of crime prevention from the perspective of murder has become an important part of criminology. The theory of victim prevention is the theoretical basis of the study of college students' murder. College students as a group show different victimization. Based on the theory of victimization, this paper explores the system of college students' victimization prevention and the concrete measures of college students' victimization prevention. College students are a special group in society. People who have received university education, as the frontier group of new ideas, new social technology, senior specialized personnel trained by the state, including students recruited by the state, that is, college students, undergraduates, masters, doctorates, and so on. At present, the phenomenon of college students being killed occurs from time to time. College students are killed, that is, the emotional pain, economic loss, physical and mental loss or great damage of basic rights caused by the infringement of crime and general illegal behavior by students in higher education at all levels and all kinds of colleges and universities in our country. From the collected data, the victimization of college students shows the characteristics of great negative social influence, diversified types of victimization, repeated victimization, weak awareness of victim prevention, and lack of preventive education and skill training for college students. The diversified characteristics of the killing types of college students reflect that the situation of college students being killed is more complex. Only through empirical investigation and research can we grasp the situation of college students as a whole, so as to understand the murder of college students more rationally. On the one hand, through the form of questionnaire survey of college students, we can understand the overall analysis of the murder of college students; on the other hand, according to the collected case files, analyze the characteristics of common types of murder of college students. The common types of college students are theft, sexual victimization, violence, robbery and so on. In the process of being killed, some subjective and objective factors existing in college students themselves will affect and stimulate the occurrence of crime, that is, the victimization of college students. As a part of society, college students will certainly have some of the harm that ordinary people have, but college students also have their own special features, such as psychological immaturity, special places of activity, behavior regularity and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study the victimization of college students. In the objective aspect, the passivity of college students is mainly manifested in three aspects: gender, age and social class, and in subjective aspect, the passivity of college students is mainly manifested in psychology and behavior. The study of college students' victimization provides a basis for the study of specific measures to prevent college students from being killed. In addition, the prevention of being killed is an organic unified whole, and the prevention of college students as a part of the prevention of being killed should also be an organic and unified whole. The prevention system of college students' victimization refers to the comprehensive prevention system, which is mainly based on individual murder prevention, supplemented by crime prevention in colleges and universities, and focuses on individual prevention of high incidence of crimes. Taking this as the clue of college students' victimization prevention, according to the victimization of college students, the process of being killed is taken as the dividing point, that is, before being killed, in the course of being killed, and after being killed, the concrete preventive measures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D917

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