法德合作与欧洲一体化的启动

发布时间：2018-02-01 02:56

本文关键词： 法德合作舒曼计划大国领导欧洲煤钢共同体欧洲一体化　出处：《外交学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战后，法德两国作为地区大国实现了从敌对到合作的转变。通过走欧洲联合道路，法德实现了和解，不仅成功地建立了德法亲密的伙伴关系,而且两国的深入合作,促使欧洲一体化迈出了实质性的步伐，建立在欧洲一体化基础上的法德合作已成为大国合作的典范。实践证明,只有合作才能实现国家和区域的稳定和发展。特别是在区域一体化成为历史发展潮流的今天,地区大国的合作在区域一体化中发挥着重要的核心作用，为地区一体化发展提供了强有力的领导力量，这对于促进区域合作深入发展具有重大的意义。因此我们有必要研究战后法德合作的历史,分析德法合作成功的基础和两国推动欧洲一体化启动的过程,从而为中日合作与东亚区域一体化发展提供有益的借鉴。本文以大国合作以及区域一体化的基础来建构本文的理论框架，介绍了二战后初期法国、德国欧洲政策的形成以及早期欧洲一体化的尝试，认为法德两个世仇冤家在特殊的国际背景下产生了共同的利益，走欧洲一体化道路成为两国实现各自国家利益的最佳方式。法德合作的思想基础是欧洲政治精英提出的法德和解思想与欧洲联合思想，现实基础是两国有合作的实力和意愿，，同时战后初期美国的欧洲政策也是支持法德合作和欧洲一体化的。在内外部因素联合促成下，法德合作需要解决的最大政治障碍在于鲁尔问题，美国重新武装德国，使法国不得不主动提出方案来彻底解决鲁尔问题，舒曼计划便是为解决鲁尔问题而设计出来的绝佳方案。为了实施舒曼计划，以阿登纳、舒曼、莫内为代表的法德两国的领导人与政治精英进行了协调与谈判，在两国合作的基础上共同推动了欧洲煤钢共同体的成立，这是第一个具有超国家性质的机构，它既是法德和解的开端，同时标志着欧洲一体化的正式启动。法德合作确立了两国在欧洲一体化建设中的领导地位，也为欧洲煤钢联营设计了可行的制度和目标，奠定了欧洲一体化的框架和大体方向，对以后的欧洲一体化的发展产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, France and Germany, as regional powers, realized the transition from hostility to cooperation. By taking the road of European Union, France and Germany achieved reconciliation, and not only successfully established a close partnership between Germany and France. Moreover, the deep cooperation between the two countries has prompted the European integration to take a substantial step, and the Franco-German cooperation based on the European integration has become a model for the cooperation of great powers. Practice has proved that only cooperation can achieve national and regional stability and development, especially at a time when regional integration has become a trend of historical development. The cooperation of regional powers plays an important role in regional integration and provides a strong leadership for the development of regional integration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the history of the post-war Franco-German cooperation, to analyze the basis of the successful cooperation between Germany and France and to analyze the process of the two countries promoting the start of European integration. So as to provide useful reference for Sino-Japanese cooperation and the development of East Asia regional integration. This paper constructs the theoretical framework of this paper based on the cooperation of great powers and regional integration, and introduces the formation of the European policy of France and Germany in the early period of World War II and the attempts of early European integration. It is believed that the two feuding enemies of France and Germany have produced common interests under the special international background. Taking the road of European integration has become the best way for the two countries to realize their respective national interests. The ideological basis of Franco-German cooperation is the Franco-German conciliatory thought and the European Union thought put forward by the European political elite. The reality is based on the strength and willingness of the two countries to cooperate, and at the same time, the European policy of the United States in the early postwar period also supported Franco-German cooperation and European integration, and was facilitated by the combination of internal and external factors. The biggest political obstacle to the Franco-German cooperation is the Ruhr problem. The United States rearmed Germany, making France have to take the initiative to put forward a plan to solve the Ruhr problem once and for all. The Schumann plan was an excellent solution to the Ruhr problem. In order to implement the Schumann plan, the leaders of France and Germany, represented by Adenauer, Schumann and Monet, coordinated and negotiated with the political elite. The establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, the first supranational institution, was promoted on the basis of cooperation between the two countries. It was the beginning of Franco-German reconciliation. At the same time, it marks the official start of European integration. The Franco-German cooperation has established the leading position of the two countries in the construction of European integration, and has also designed the feasible system and goal for the European coal and steel joint venture. It has established the framework and direction of European integration, and has had a profound impact on the development of European integration in the future.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D856.5;D851.6

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