战后日本海上通道政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:02

  本文关键词： 海上通道 战后日本 安全保障 日美同盟 海上自卫队　出处：《外交学院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战后,基于本国的自然和人力资源禀赋,日本确立了外向型经济发展模式。该发展模式通过海上通道将日本与海外资源产地和消费市场连接起来,因此海上通道的安全就成为关系到日本经济安全和国家稳定的关键因素。同时,鉴于二战中完全失败的海上通道政策及其影响,因此战后的日本政府必须采取适当的政策以确保海上通道的安全。本文即以战后日本的海上通道政策为对象展开研究。战后日本海上通道政策的制定,一方面基于其客观的经济基础和历史经验,另一方面海权理论、边缘地带理论和“海洋国家构想”也提供了相应的思想基础。一般而言影响海上通道安全的因素主要包括两部分,即以通道沿线国家的单方面海上控制为代表的国家行为体威胁和以海盗为代表的非国家行为体的安全威胁。冷战时期,日本海上通道安全的主要威胁源为苏联海军。冷战初期,基于日本自身防卫力状况和安保需求,海上通道政策发轫,但至1954年日本的海上通道安保几乎完全依赖于美军。1954年海上自卫队正式创建,日本正式开始负责本国近海海域海上通道的安保。随着海上防卫力的提升,日本逐渐形成了以反潜护航为基本内容的海上通道防卫思想。到1976年,第四次防卫力整备计划结束之际,海上自卫队确立了远洋反潜护航和近海防御相结合的作战体制。随后,在经历了短暂的政策徘徊期后,最终在1981年正式建立了带有一定防卫自主性的“分段护航”日美合作型海上通道政策。冷战后,日本的海上通道安保延续了冷战时期的基本格局,即以日美同盟为基本框架,美国提供远距离海上通道的安保,同时日本负责本土周边海域的海上通道安保。但是尽管如此,在日本国内的“普通国家论”、日美同盟再定义、中国海军活动与全球不安定因素增多等事态的共同推动下,冷战后的日本海上通道政策仍然发生了重要的量变。这种量变在本质上反映了冷战后的海上通道政策中,日本防卫自主性的进一步提高。冷战后,日本政府有关海上通道政策的表述寓于相关的海洋法制和安保法制当中。在厘清了日本政府的相关表述之后,本文从基于海上通道安保的对外合作和冷战后海上通道政策中军事力的运用这两个方面,对冷战后海上通道政策的具体内容进行解析。冷战后日本的海上通道政策在总体上呈现出了扩张性强和富于海陆对抗性的特征。该政策对于日本国内政治产生了重要的反作用,尤其是推动了安保法制的变革,在2016年3月29日新安保法案开始实施之后,该政策的“扩张性”和“海陆对抗性”这两个特征更为突显。此外,该政策进一步推动了日美同盟朝向对等同盟的方向发展,并会加速海洋国家联盟的形成。该政策对于日本西南海上通道沿线的东南亚国家和印度的海上安保产生了积极影响,相反对于中国则具有消极意义。
[Abstract]:After World War II, Japan established an export-oriented economic development model based on its natural and human resource endowment. Therefore, the safety of maritime passage has become a key factor related to Japan's economic security and national stability. At the same time, in view of the complete failure of the maritime passage policy during World War II and its impact, Therefore, the postwar Japanese government must adopt appropriate policies to ensure the safety of maritime passage. On the one hand, based on its objective economic basis and historical experience, on the other hand, The marginal zone theory and the Marine State Conception also provide a corresponding ideological basis. Generally speaking, the factors that affect the safety of maritime passage mainly consist of two parts. That is, the threat of state actors represented by unilateral maritime control of countries along the channel and the security threats of non-State actors represented by pirates. During the Cold War, the main source of threat to the security of Japan's maritime channels was the Soviet Navy. Based on Japan's self-defense and security requirements, the maritime passage policy was initiated, but by 1954 Japan's maritime passage security was almost entirely dependent on the US military. In 1954, the Maritime Self-Defense Force was formally established. Japan officially began to take charge of the security of maritime passage in its offshore waters. With the enhancement of maritime defense capability, Japan gradually formed the maritime channel defense thought with anti-submarine escort as its basic content. By 1976, At the end of the 4th defense readiness plan, the Maritime Self-Defense Forces established a combined combat system of ocean-going anti-submarine escort and offshore defense. Then, after a brief policy hovering period, Finally, in 1981, the Japan-US cooperative sea passage policy of "segmented escort" with certain self-defense autonomy was formally established. After the Cold War, Japan's maritime passage security continued the basic pattern of the Cold War period, that is, taking the Japan-US alliance as the basic framework. The United States provides security for long-distance maritime passage, while Japan is responsible for maritime passage security in the waters surrounding the mainland. However, in Japan's domestic "common state theory," the Japan-US alliance redefines it. Driven by events such as China's naval activities and the increase in global instability, Japan's maritime passage policy after the Cold War has still undergone important quantitative changes. This quantitative change essentially reflects the post-Cold War maritime passage policy. Japan's defense autonomy has been further enhanced. After the Cold War, the Japanese government's policy on maritime passage was expressed in the relevant maritime and security legal systems. After clarifying the Japanese government's relevant statements, This paper focuses on the two aspects of foreign cooperation based on maritime channel security and the use of military force in the post-Cold War maritime passage policy. The specific contents of the post-Cold War maritime passage policy are analyzed. Japan's maritime passage policy after the cold war has taken on the characteristics of strong expansibility and land and sea antagonism in general. This policy has produced an important reaction to Japan's domestic politics. In particular, the reform of the security rule of law has been promoted. After the implementation of the new security act in March 29th 2016, the policy's "expansibility" and "sea and land adversarial" features have become even more prominent. The policy has further pushed the Japan-US alliance in the direction of a reciprocal alliance and will accelerate the formation of an alliance of maritime nations. The policy has had a positive impact on maritime security in Southeast Asian countries and India along Japan's southwestern maritime corridor. China, on the other hand, has negative implications.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D831.3
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本文编号：1538888