18世纪末至19世纪中期俄国农奴制的主要剥削形式及其趋势

发布时间：2018-02-28 04:12

  本文关键词： 俄国农民 农奴制经济 代役制 劳役制 剥削　出处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：俄国农奴制的主要剥削形式为代役制和劳役制,它们的分布与土壤、气候、经济、人口等因素相关。18世纪末至19世纪中期,出现了代役制萎缩和劳役制扩张的趋势,表明了农奴制的强化。代役制和劳役制在本质上都是地主凭借其强制权力向农民征收剩余产品和剩余劳动的方式,但劳役制农民的负担更重。在市场关系的影响下,代役制农民积极参与工商业,促进了工业区的形成。在劳役制地区,农业生产商品化和专门化程度提高,市场的扩大和粮价的上涨增加了农民的收入。但与此同时,代役制和劳役制农民的负担都不断加重,他们的受剥削程度也大大加深了。
[Abstract]:The main forms of exploitation of serfdom in Russia were subservient system and servitude system. Their distribution was related to soil, climate, economy, population and other factors. From the end of 18th century to the middle of 19th century, there was a tendency of subservient system shrinking and labor system expanding. It shows that the serfdom is strengthened. The substitute service system and the servitude system are essentially the ways of the landlords to collect surplus products and surplus labor from the peasants by virtue of their compulsory power, but the burden of the peasants under the servitude system is heavier. Under the influence of the market relationship, The active participation of wage farmers in industry and commerce has contributed to the formation of industrial zones. In these areas, the commercialization and specialization of agricultural production, the expansion of markets and the rise in food prices have increased the income of farmers, but at the same time, The burden and exploitation of substitute and servitude farmers are increasing.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【分类号】：D751.2
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本文编号：1545703