社区养老与机构养老的差异研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 17:21

本文选题：社区养老　切入点：机构养老　出处：《济南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前中国正处于人口老龄化的加速阶段,国家人口老龄化的高峰还未真正到来,社会养老形式严峻。随着经济社会的发展,计划生育政策带来的弊端日益显现,少子化甚至是失独家庭数量庞大,越来越多的独居、空巢老年人面临着养老问题,这也是整个社会的共同问题。为缓解家庭养老的负担,各种养老机构和社区养老模式开始出现,但是他们在各自的发展道路上也出现了不少问题和困难。探索一条适合中国发展实际的养老服务模式,为老年人提供更加便捷、舒适的养老服务成为一个亟待解决的问题。本研究以济南市为例,采用问卷调查和无结构访谈的方式收集资料,利用SPSS16.0对收集的数据资料进行分析处理,对访谈资料译为逐字稿,进行编码和总结。从政府、服务主体以及老年人三个层面对社区养老和机构养老的差异进行研究分析。研究结果表明,社区养老在有效的监管、低廉的成本、更为自由化的服务选择以及高质量的精神慰藉服务等层面具有养老机构无法比拟的优势,而养老机构则为独居、高龄老人提供了一种更加安全的养老选择。社区养老存在着行政色彩浓厚、缺乏对老人家庭设施的安全改造等不足,机构养老也面临着服务内容单一,设施陈旧等问题。同时,社区养老和机构养老也共同面临着资金不足、服务专业化水平低等问题。同时,社区养老与机构养老间的差异产生的原因具有多样性,并影响着我国的养老现状。在此基础上,从政府、市场、社区、社会组织与家庭五个层面采取有效性的措施,希望能够为解决社区养老和机构养老服务中的问题提供参考,为完善我国养老服务体系提供一种思路。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the accelerated stage of population aging. The peak of the aging of the national population has not really arrived, and the form of social old-age support is grim. With the development of economic and society, the drawbacks brought about by the family planning policy are becoming increasingly apparent. The number of minority children and even families without independence is huge, and more and more families live alone. The empty nest elderly are facing the problem of providing for the aged, which is also a common problem in the whole society. In order to ease the burden of the family providing for the aged, A variety of pension institutions and community pension models are beginning to emerge, but they also have many problems and difficulties in their respective development paths. To explore a suitable pension service model suitable for the development of China, it is more convenient for the elderly. Comfortable old-age service has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study takes Jinan as an example, collects data by questionnaire and unstructured interview, and analyzes and processes the collected data by SPSS16.0. The interview materials are translated into verbatim manuscripts, coded and summarized. The differences between community pension and institutional pension are studied and analyzed from three aspects: government, service subjects and the elderly. The results show that community pension is effectively supervised. Lower costs, more liberal service choices and high quality spiritual comfort services have unparalleled advantages over pension institutions, which live alone. The elderly provide a more secure choice for the aged. There is a strong administrative color in the community for the aged, a lack of safety reform of the family facilities for the elderly, and so on. The institutional old-age care also faces the problems of single service content and obsolete facilities, etc. At the same time, At the same time, the difference between community pension and institutional old-age care is diverse, and it affects the present situation of the aged in our country, on the basis of this, the community pension and the institutional old-age care also face the problems of insufficient funds and low level of service specialization. From the five levels of government, market, community, social organization and family, we take effective measures, hoping to provide a reference for solving the problems in the community old-age care and institutional old-age service, and to provide a way of thinking for perfecting the old-age service system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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