媒体援助、非政府组织与美国霸权的构建——对美国私人基金会媒体援助的实践考察

发布时间：2018-03-09 08:02

本文选题：美国　切入点：媒体援助　出处：《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在国际关系中,现实主义理论把霸权简化为通过军事和经济体现出来的物质力量时,忽视了话语权也是霸权的应有之义。媒体是美国赢得话语权、构建霸权的有效工具。而且,媒体与援助结合在一起生成媒体援助时,更有利于美国获得话语权。媒体援助具体实施者往往是非政府组织。美国私人基金会在二战后就卷入了美国的媒体援助中,发挥了话语主体的功能,它们依靠媒体援助作为话语载体,深刻影响着话语对象。它们高质量的话语具体呈现为多样化的援助内容和不断创新的援助方式,获得了受援国民众的认同和接纳;它们资助受援国的媒体记者和独立媒体,并把所资助的独立媒体变成向受援方民众传播美国价值观的工具;它们紧紧把握甚至是引领国际社会所关注的"发展"议程。这些在一定程度上弱化了受援国政府对信息的掌控,增强了美国在国际信息传播秩序中的主导地位。这一切都有助于美国霸权的扩展和延伸。
[Abstract]:In international relations, when the realism theory simplifies hegemony as material power embodied through military and economy, it neglects that the right to speak is also the proper meaning of hegemon.Media is an effective tool for the United States to win the right to speak and build hegemony. When the media and aid combine to generate media aid, it is more advantageous for the United States to gain a voice. Media aid is often carried out by non-governmental organizations. Private American foundations have been involved in media aid in the United States since the second world war. They rely on the media aid as the discourse carrier and deeply affect the discourse object. Their high-quality discourse presents a variety of aid content and innovative aid methods. They have been recognized and accepted by the people of the recipient countries; they have funded media journalists and independent media in the recipient countries, and have turned the funded independent media into a tool for disseminating American values to the people of the recipient countries; They hold fast and even lead the international community's attention to the "development" agenda, which to some extent weakens the control of recipient governments over information. It strengthens the dominant position of the United States in the international information dissemination order, all of which contribute to the expansion and extension of American hegemony.
【作者单位】：山西大学政治与公共管理学院;上海工程技术大学社会科学学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“美国基金会的对外援助研究”(12YJCGJW004)
【分类号】：D771.2

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