论美国国会政党极化的结构性根源

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:41

本文选题：美国国会　切入点：政党极化　出处：《当代世界与社会主义》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：美国两党间的政治极化已成为当代美国政治的一个显著特征,其中又以国会中的政党极化表现得最为突出。从结构性视角来看,导致国会中政党极化的主要原因是:首先,越来越多意识形态激进的议员进入国会,同时部分议员发生了"适应性调整",不断向意识形态光谱的两端移动。其次,国会自身的制度变革尤其是议事规则和程序上的变化,客观上对政党极化起到了推波助澜的作用。再次,国会中的多数党领袖主导着立法议程,他们不断强化政党纪律,致使国会中"政党投票"愈加频繁。最后,国会中政党领袖自身的不断极化也是一个不容忽视的重要因素。在充满不确定性的特朗普时代,"否决政治"将成为美国政治生活的常态并持续下去,其未来发展趋势及影响值得我们关注。
[Abstract]:The political polarization between the two parties in the United States has become a prominent feature of contemporary American politics, among which the political party polarization in Congress is the most prominent. From a structural point of view, the main reasons leading to the polarization of political parties in Congress are: first of all, More and more ideologically radical members have entered Congress, while some members have undergone "adaptive adjustments", moving to both ends of the ideological spectrum. Secondly, Congress's own institutional changes, especially changes in rules of procedure and procedures, Objectively, it has contributed to the polarization of political parties. Thirdly, majority leaders in Congress have dominated the legislative agenda, and they have constantly strengthened party discipline, which has led to more frequent "party votes" in Congress. The constant polarization of party leaders in Congress is also an important factor that cannot be ignored. In the uncertain Trump era, "veto politics" will become the norm and continue in American political life. Its future development trend and influence deserve our attention.
【作者单位】：南京大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：2016年度中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“美国政党极化研究”(项目编号:2016M601762)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D771.2

【相似文献】