美国枪支管制困境研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 05:27

  本文选题：美国　切入点：持枪权　出处：《中国青年政治学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：枪支在美国历史中曾经发挥了重要作用,而随着社会的发展,枪支暴力事件地频发,枪支管制问题已成为美国社会中的重要议题。每次校园枪击案的发生都会引起新一轮的枪支管制争论。枪支管制的进展也总是伴随着恶性暴力事件的发生,和平时期枪支管制进程步履维艰。近年来,枪支管制更是难有实质性措施出台,与其受关注程度严重不符。枪支管制问题似乎走入了一个死胡同,总是被关注,却无法破解。各种利益掺杂其中,各方势力拉锯不下,陷入难解的困境。笔者通过历史研究法、宪法解释学方法、政治过程分析法梳理了美国枪支管制的历程,并对造成枪支管制困境的原因进行了深入分析,得出了美国枪支管制困境是美国自由民主制度困境的结论。首先,枪支管制陷入困境的法律根源在于美国宪法第二修正案,其独特的行文结构产生了两种截然不同的解释,所涉及到的持有和携带武器的权利在今天是属于个人还是集体,成为诸多学者与政客争论的焦点。其次,枪支管制问题之所以陷入困境,在于其中牵涉各方利益。美国政治舞台上形成的“控枪派”与“持枪派”两股政治势力,与美国两党结合,立场相对,观点极化,难以达成有效共识。利益集团也牵涉其中,在枪支管制问题上,以全美步枪协会为代表的利益集团,为了维护自身利益,利用其自身影响力进行积极游说,左右美国政治。美国枪支管制困境充分体现了个人基本权利与公共安全、立法与司法、联邦与州之间的张力,归根结底是权力的制衡与妥协的表现,折射出美国自由与环境安全之间的矛盾,个人利益与公共利益之间的矛盾,允许利益集团参政与特殊利益集团左右美国政治之间的矛盾。因此,美国枪支管制所面临的困境归根结底是自由民主制度的困境。
[Abstract]:Guns once played an important role in the history of the United States, and with the development of society, gun violence occurred frequently. Gun control has become an important issue in American society. Every school shootout will lead to a new round of gun control debates. Gun control progress has always been accompanied by vicious violence. The process of gun control in peacetime has been difficult. In recent years, it has been even more difficult to come up with substantive measures for gun control, which is seriously incompatible with the degree of concern. The issue of gun control seems to have reached a dead end and has always been the focus of attention. But it can't be solved. Among them, all kinds of interests are mixed, and the forces of all sides are locked in a difficult predicament. The author combs the course of American gun control through historical research, constitutional hermeneutics and political process analysis. The paper also makes a deep analysis of the causes of the gun control dilemma, and draws the conclusion that the American gun control dilemma is the dilemma of the free and democratic system of the United States. First, the legal root of the gun control dilemma lies in the second Amendment of the United States Constitution. Its unique structure has produced two very different interpretations: whether the right to hold and carry weapons belongs to individuals or groups today, and has become the focus of much debate between scholars and politicians. The difficulty in gun control lies in the interests of all parties involved. The two political forces, the "gun control faction" and the "gun faction" formed in the political arena of the United States, combine with the two parties in the United States, stand opposite, and their views are polarized. It is difficult to reach an effective consensus. Interest groups are also involved. On the issue of gun control, interest groups represented by the National Rifle Association actively lobby for their own interests and use their own influence. The dilemma of gun control in the United States fully reflects the tension between the fundamental rights of individuals and public security, legislation and justice, and federal and state relations. In the final analysis, it is the expression of checks and balances and compromises of power. It reflects the contradiction between freedom and environmental security in the United States, the contradiction between personal interests and public interests, and the contradiction between the participation of interest groups in politics and the influence of special interest groups on American politics. The dilemma of gun control in America is, in the final analysis, the dilemma of liberal democracy.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D771.2

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