国家与社会之间—苏联列宁共产主义青年团的政治学分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 16:13

本文选题：苏联共青团　切入点：国家　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：苏联列宁共产主义青年团是苏联共产党领导的、针对青年群体开展工作的社群组织,在苏联政党-国家"高度集中""高度集权"的经济政治体制与具有时代特征的青年群体的博弈下,具有国家属性与社会属性的双重面向,成为国家与社会张力的交汇点。在国家属性下苏联共青团具有着针对青年群体开展政治教育与思想宣传、向苏联各级党和国家机构组织输送优秀人才资源、参与国家经济社会与军事建设、协助苏联共产党完成社会治理任务、促进国际青年交流、颁发荣誉与奖励这样的基本功能,在社会属性下,苏联共青团研究青年问题、关注与实现苏联青年群体的利益、丰富青年群体的社会生活和文化活动;并且随着苏联国家与社会的互动进行了调适与变革,调适党团关系、调适工作作风、扩大组织规模、丰富组织活动,共青团组织也产生了偏离与质变,在世界青年联欢节与共青团国际青年旅游局以及苏联共青团与摇滚乐的案例中充分地体现出来。世界青年节的案例中,世界青年联欢节提供了一个平台,外国青年带着西方文化与生活方式与苏联青年进行交流。苏联官方主动要求开放的需求又为青年互动交流打开了大门。在互动中,苏联青年渐渐接受了来自西方的价值观与生活方式,而苏联官方的控制又加速这样的过程并且滋生出了 "阳奉阴违"的行为。世界青年联欢节后,苏联官方成立的共青团国际青年旅游局成这样的机构在面对国家的矛盾状态以及青年工作的持续需求时,从国际交流中获益,获取利益的欲望也渐渐侵蚀了苏联官方对于国际青年旅游局的控制,而苏联官方加强控制的需求让它不能够在互动中将利益最大化。在苏联共青团与摇滚乐的案例中,在面对来自于苏联青年以及国际青年群体摇滚文化的压力时,苏联党和国家的压制并不能够奏效,反而更加增强了摇滚运动的势头,共青团通过调适自身的方式,自己建立或者吸收源自社会的非官方摇滚乐队来增强控制。在与摇滚文化互动的过程中,共青团自身也发生了变化,越来越多的共青团员理解、接受并喜爱上了这样的文化方式。同时,共青团内部存在相当一批领导人,背后支持并资助摇滚乐队的表演。共青团逐渐异化为给摇滚乐队提供资助的平台与工具,成为摇滚群体获得力量的来源。经过调适与改变,来自于苏联共青团内部的力量侵蚀了共青团自身,使得整个组织失效而产生质变。最终由于组织内部精英阶级的利益攫取与非正式组织的组织资源夺取,苏联共青团走向了解散的命运,随着苏联的解体一起走向崩溃解体。中国共青团改革应当吸取苏联共青团的历史教训。
[Abstract]:The Lenin Communist Youth League is a community organization led by the Communist Party of the USSR that works with youth groups. Under the game between the Soviet party-state "highly centralized" and "highly centralized" economic and political system and the youth group with the characteristics of the times, it has the dual orientation of national attribute and social attribute. Under the national attribute, the Communist Youth League of the Soviet Union has the ability to carry out political education and ideological propaganda aimed at youth groups, and to channel outstanding talent resources to the party and state organizations at all levels in the Soviet Union. To participate in the economic, social and military construction of the country, to assist the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in accomplishing its social governance tasks, to promote international youth exchanges, and to issue honors and awards. Under its social attributes, the Communist Youth League of the Soviet Union studied youth issues. Pay attention to and realize the interests of the youth groups in the Soviet Union, enrich the social life and cultural activities of the youth groups, and with the interaction between the Soviet Union and the society, adjust and transform the relations between the party and the leadership, adjust the work style, and expand the organizational scale, Rich organizational activities, the Communist Youth League organizations have also produced deviation and qualitative change, in the World Youth Festival and the International Youth Tourism Board of the Communist Youth League, as well as the Soviet Union Communist Youth League and rock music cases. In the case of the World Youth Day, The World Youth Festival provides a platform for foreign youth to communicate with Soviet youth with Western cultures and lifestyles. The demand for openness from Soviet officials also opens the door for youth interaction. Soviet youth have gradually embraced values and lifestyles from the West, and official Soviet control has accelerated the process and spawned "perverse" behaviour. After the World Youth Festival, The International Youth Tourism Bureau of the Communist Youth League, set up by the Soviet Union, has become such an organization that benefits from international exchanges in the face of the contradictory state of the country and the continuing demand for youth work. The desire for benefits is eroding the Soviet authorities' control of the International Youth Tourism Board, and the Soviet authorities' need for greater control prevents it from maximizing the benefits in its interactions. In the case of the Soviet Communist Youth League and rock music, In the face of the pressure from the youth of the Soviet Union and the international youth group rock culture, the suppression of the Soviet Party and the state could not work. On the contrary, it increased the momentum of the rock movement. The Communist Youth League adjusted its own way. Establish or absorb non-official rock bands from society to enhance control. In the process of interacting with rock culture, the Communist Youth League itself has also changed, and more and more members of the Youth League understand that, Accept and love this cultural style. At the same time, there are quite a number of leaders in the Communist Youth League who support and fund the performances of rock bands. The Youth League gradually dissimilates itself as a platform and tool for providing financial support to rock bands. Become a source of strength for rock groups. Through adjustment and change, forces from within the Soviet Communist Youth League erode the Communist Youth League itself. As a result of the benefit of the elite class within the organization and the seizure of the resources of the informal organization, the Soviet Communist Youth League headed for the fate of disbanding. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the reform of the Communist Youth League of China should draw lessons from the history of the Communist Youth League of the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D751.2

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