中国中老年人家庭养老模式对家庭消费的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 18:09

  本文选题：家庭养老模式　切入点：家庭消费　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国人口老龄化程度不断加深、居民家庭消费持续疲软的现实情况下,讨论如何通过扩大内需转变经济增长依靠投资拉动的粗放型增长模式,以及采取何种措施来避免人口问题的积累和爆发是具有重大现实意义的。国务院在今年发布的《"十三五"国家老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划》中提出:要"逐步建立支持家庭养老的政策体系,支持成年子女与老年父母共同生活",那么家庭养老这种由国家倡导的养老模式是否能够得到经济社会的支持,在提高养老福利的同时也促进家庭消费?为回答这一问题,本文从宏观经济最小的构成细胞——家庭出发,在CHARLS微观数据库的基础上,构建了一个两期的面板数据,运用固定效应模型和双重差分倾向得分匹配的方法,就居民的不同养老模式是否对家庭消费产生显著影响进行了实证研究,并且根据文章的实证检验结果,总结了四点发现:(1)当中老年人的养老模式由"不与子女共同居住"转变为"与子女共同居住"后,其所在家庭的总消费水平会出现显著提高。这种养老模式变动引起的对家庭总消费的拉动,在女性中老年人群体中更加明显。(2)中老年人年龄的增长与其所在家庭的家庭消费水平之间存在"倒U"的变动关系,在69岁以前,家庭消费水平会随着中老年人年龄的增长而增加,69岁以后,家庭消费水平会随着年龄的增加而减少。且这—关系在家中有男性老人时,尤其显著。(3)参加养老保险、医疗保险、提高居民的受教育程度均能够有效地促进家庭消费。(4)养老模式由"不同住"变为"同住"会显著地引起家庭日常消费支出和住房支出的提高,同时使家庭保健支出出现显著的下降。另外,为了给国家扩大内需、建立多层次养老服务体系等工作提供合理的参考,本文还针对以上发现提出了(1)创造利于父母与子女共同居住的政策、文化环境,完善居家养老配套设施,有意识地引导和鼓励人们选择父母与子女共同居住的养老模式;(2)适当延迟退休年龄;(3)大力拓展老年消费市场,鼓励和推动"银发"产业的繁荣,释放老年群体的消费能力:(4)健全社会保障制度等相关建议。
[Abstract]:Under the reality that the aging of China's population is deepening and household consumption continues to be weak, this paper discusses how to change the extensive growth model, which depends on investment, through expanding domestic demand. And what measures should be taken to avoid the accumulation and outbreak of population problems are of great practical significance. The State Council, in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of the cause of ageing and the Construction of the Old-age system", issued this year, put forward the following: " To gradually establish a policy system to support family support for the aged, To support adult children and elderly parents to live together ", then the family pension model advocated by the state can be supported by economic and social support, while improving pension benefits, but also promote family consumption? In order to answer this question, based on the CHARLS microcosmic database, a two-stage panel data is constructed based on the minimum macro-economic component cell-family. The method of fixed effect model and double differential tendency score matching is used in this paper. This paper makes an empirical study on whether the different pension patterns of residents have a significant impact on household consumption, and according to the empirical results of the article, Four points are summarized: (1) when the old-age pattern of middle-aged and old people has changed from "not living with their children" to "living with their children", The total consumption level of the households in which they live will be significantly increased. The pull on the total household consumption caused by this change in the pattern of providing for the aged, (2) there is a "inverted U" relationship between the increase in the age of middle-aged and older persons and the level of household consumption in their families, before the age of 69. The level of household consumption will increase with the increase of the age of the middle-aged and the elderly. After 69 years of age, the level of household consumption will decrease with the increase of age. Raising the education level of the residents can effectively promote the family consumption. (4) the change of the pension model from "different living" to "living with each other" will result in the increase of household daily consumption expenditure and housing expenditure. At the same time, the expenditure on family health care has decreased significantly. In addition, in order to provide a reasonable reference for the country to expand domestic demand and establish a multi-level pension service system, Based on the above findings, this paper also puts forward the following suggestions: creating policies conducive to parents living together with their children, cultural environment, and perfecting the supporting facilities for the aged at home. Consciously guide and encourage people to choose the old-age pension model in which parents and children live together. (2) appropriately delaying the retirement age; (3) vigorously expanding the consumer market for the elderly; and encouraging and promoting the prosperity of the "silver hair" industry. Release the consumption capacity of the elderly group: 4) improve the social security system and other relevant suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6;F126.1
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本文编号：1644973