拉丁美洲无核区研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 03:28

本文选题：拉丁美洲　切入点：无核区　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：相比常规武器,核武器拥有更加巨大的杀伤力。由于核武器象征着大国身份与地位,因此美苏在冷战中,双方都在追求核优势。就这样,核军备竞赛贯穿了整个美苏冷战过程的始终。美苏的核军备竞赛使得全世界都处于核威胁的阴云之下。尤其是古巴导弹危机,一度使人们站在了核战争的边缘。因此,无核世界成为了人们的一致追求。在人们追求无核世界的过程中,区域核不扩散体制起着十分重要的作用。其中,无核区是区域核不扩散体制最重要的一部分。在南极大陆第一个建立无核区并实现南极无核化之后,人们开始尝试在人口稠密区建立无核区以实现地区无核化。第一个在人口稠密区建立的无核区是拉丁美洲无核区。1967年2月14日,以墨西哥为首的14个拉丁美洲国家起草了《特拉特洛尔科条约》及其两个附加议定书,这是第一个向核武器说不的宣言,也是拉丁美洲无核化的法律性文件。在此之后,经过了多次谈判,拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织于1969年在墨西哥城成立,拉丁美洲无核区正式建立。拉丁美洲无核区巩固的历史进程是一个内外部因素共同作用的进程。在外部,它不仅需要五个核大国承认拉丁美洲无核区的地位,也要求在拉丁美洲地区拥有领土的国家不在拉丁美洲地区部署核武器。随着英、美、荷、法四个在拉丁美洲拥有领土的国家签署了不在该地区部署核武器的一号议定书和五个核大国签署了尊重拉美无核区地位的二号议定书,拉丁美洲无核区的地位得到了有效地外部保障。拉丁美洲无核区的巩固也是区域内成员不断加入和内部成员不断合作的进程。在这一进程中,关键的一步是阿根廷和巴西在核领域的合作。巴西和阿根廷建立起了合作机制,与区域禁核组织、国际原子能机构形成了共同的合力,不仅巩固了拉丁美洲无核区的地位,也强化了拉美无核化历史进程。随着阿根廷和巴西的加入,其他未加入拉美禁核组织的拉丁美洲国家也陆续加入。古巴加入拉丁美洲禁核组织,意味着拉丁美洲无核区覆盖了整个区域,拉丁美洲最终全面实现了无核化。拉丁美洲是第一个在人口稠密地区实现无核化的地区,也是第一个五个核大国承认的无核区。它的成立不仅有益于区域核安全,也保证了区域内国家对于核能的和平利用。同时,它有力的补充了国际核安全体系。作为一只重要的和平力量,它活跃在全球核裁军领域,推动着全球核裁军不断向前发展。它开启了地区无核化的多米诺骨牌效应,进一步压缩了核武器的空间,推动人类社会向无核世界迈进。
[Abstract]:Nuclear weapons are more lethal than conventional weapons. Because nuclear weapons symbolize the status and status of great powers, both the United States and the Soviet Union pursued nuclear superiority during the Cold War. The nuclear arms race has permeated the entire Cold War process between the United States and the Soviet Union. The nuclear arms race in the United States and the Soviet Union has placed the world under the cloud of nuclear threat. The Cuban missile crisis, in particular, once put people on the brink of nuclear war. The nuclear-free world has become a universal pursuit. The regional nuclear non-proliferation regime plays a very important role in the pursuit of a nuclear-free world. The zone is the most important part of the regional nuclear non-proliferation regime. After the first nuclear-free zone was established on the Antarctic continent and the Antarctic was denuclearized, People began to try to establish denuclearized zones in densely populated areas in order to achieve the denuclearization of the regions. The first such zones in densely populated areas were those in Latin America. On 14 February 1967, Following the drafting of the Treaty of Tlatelolco and its two additional protocols by 14 Latin American countries, led by Mexico, which was the first declaration to say no to nuclear weapons and a legal document for the denuclearization of Latin America, After many negotiations, the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons in Latin America was established in Mexico City in 1969, and the Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone was formally established. It requires not only the five nuclear Powers to recognize the status of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America, but also the countries with territories in the Latin American region not to deploy nuclear weapons in the Latin American region. France's four countries with territories in Latin America have signed Protocol I, which does not deploy nuclear weapons in the region, and the five nuclear Powers have signed Protocol II, which respects the status of Latin America as a nuclear-free zone. The status of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America is effectively guaranteed externally. The consolidation of the zone is also a process of continuous membership and cooperation among the members of the region... in this process, A key step is the cooperation between Argentina and Brazil in the nuclear field. Brazil and Argentina have established mechanisms for cooperation and have joined forces with the Regional Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons and the International Atomic Energy Agency, which have not only consolidated the status of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America, It has also strengthened the historical process of denuclearization in Latin America. With the accession of Argentina and Brazil, other Latin American countries that are not members of the Latin American Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons (OPANAL) have joined one after another. Cuba has joined the Latin American Nuclear Prohibition Organization, It means that Latin America covers the entire region and that Latin America is eventually fully denuclearized. Latin America was the first region to achieve denuclearization in densely populated areas, It is also the first nuclear-free zone recognized by the five nuclear Powers. Its establishment not only contributes to regional nuclear safety, but also guarantees the peaceful use of nuclear energy by the States of the region... at the same time, It is a powerful complement to the international nuclear security system. As an important force for peace, it is active in the field of global nuclear disarmament and is pushing global nuclear disarmament forward. It opens up the domino effect of regional denuclearization, Further compressed the space of nuclear weapons, promote human society to a nuclear-free world.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.2

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