民主转型与政治暴力冲突的起落:以印尼为例

发布时间：2018-03-24 18:26

本文选题：民主转型　切入点：民主化　出处：《学海》2017年02期

【摘要】：相较于"稳固时期的威权统治",民主转型初期常常是一个政治暴力风险上升的历史阶段。本文指出,尽管民主化同时蕴含暴力加剧和暴力缓解的逻辑机制,但在一个族群分裂的社会,由于民主化初期政治信任格外匮乏,其暴力加剧机制常常早于暴力缓解机制出现。那么,为什么即使在社会分裂的国家,转型期不同国家的暴力冲突水平仍然出现明显差异?即,为什么一些国家比另一些暴力冲突水平高得多?本研究聚焦于政治宽容这个因素,以此来解释多族群社会转型暴力水平的差异。在本文中,政治宽容包括大众文化和精英意识两个维度,并强调其相辅相成性。简单而言,政治宽容水平高的地方,暴力冲突水平低,反之则否。本文以印尼为例,对核心观点进行了论证与说明。
[Abstract]:Compared with "authoritarian rule in a firm period," the early stage of democratic transition is often a historical stage in which the risks of political violence rise. But in a ethnically divided society, where political trust is particularly lacking in the early stages of democratization, its mechanisms for exacerbating violence often predate the mechanisms for mitigating violence. Why, then, even in socially divided countries, Are there still significant differences in the level of violent conflict in different countries in transition? That is, why are some countries much higher than others in terms of violent conflict? This study focuses on the factor of political tolerance to explain the differences in the level of violence in a multi-ethnic society. In this paper, political tolerance includes two dimensions: popular culture and elite consciousness, and emphasizes the complementarity between them. Where the level of political tolerance is high, the level of violent conflict is low, otherwise it is not. This paper takes Indonesia as an example to demonstrate and explain the core point of view.
【作者单位】：清华大学社科学院政治学系;
【基金】：清华大学自主科研计划资助项目“制度与文化的相互影响”(项目号:20165080061)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D734.2

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