新时期上海城市社区自治的困境及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 19:40

本文选题：城市社区　切入点：社区自治　出处：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：上海市是全国城市化率最高的城市之一,历年来随着改革开放的不断深入,城市居民同质性不断下降,“单位社会”向“公民社会”艰难转型,社区发展呈松散化发展态势。上海从1995年开始推行“两级政府、三级管理”的治理体系。在政策施行初期起到了规范社区管理、维护社会稳定、保障公共服务等方面的作用。随着经济社会的不断繁荣,城市社区居民对于高品质公共服务和有效参与社区事务的需求不断增加,全能型政府社区治理体系逐渐在公共物品有效供给、理顺社区各组织关系、化解社区内部矛盾等方面体现出了不适应。正是在这一背景下,社区自治作为解决问题的新选择得到了越来越多的关注。社区自治在西方发达国家发展起步较早,诸如美国、日本、新加坡等国在社区自治方面都形成了独具体系的做法。这些都是上海在推动社区自治方面可以学习借鉴的经验。本文从本市发展历程与现状出发,梳理分析了当下在社区自治中存在的问题:政府职能的“越位”与“缺位”,居委会自治组织存在的缺陷,社区自治多元主体参与度不够,社区自治法治化进程落后;通过案例研究、比较研究等方法;结合美国、日本、新加坡等国的经验做法,提出应当加强党在社区自治中的领导核心作用、转变和理顺政府职能、健全社区自治制度、发展社区参与激发基层活力、培育和发展社会组织等有针对性的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Shanghai is one of the cities with the highest urbanization rate in China. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the homogeneity of urban residents has been declining, and the transition from "unit society" to "civil society" has been difficult. Since 1995, Shanghai has implemented a governance system of "two levels of government and three levels of management". In the early stage of policy implementation, it has played a role in standardizing community management and maintaining social stability. As economic and social prosperity continues, the demand of urban community residents for high-quality public services and effective participation in community affairs is increasing. The community governance system of omnipotent government has gradually reflected its inadaptability in the effective supply of public goods, the straightening out of the relations among the organizations in the community, and the resolution of contradictions within the community. Community autonomy, as a new choice to solve problems, has attracted more and more attention. Community autonomy has started early in the western developed countries, such as the United States, Japan, Singapore and other countries have developed a unique system of community autonomy. These are the experiences that Shanghai can learn from in promoting community autonomy. Combing and analyzing the current problems in community autonomy: "offside" and "absence" of government function, defects of neighborhood committee autonomy organization, insufficient participation of multiple subjects of community autonomy, backward process of ruling by law of community autonomy; Through case studies, comparative studies and other methods, combining with the experiences and practices of the United States, Japan, Singapore and other countries, the paper puts forward that the Party should strengthen the leading core role of the Party in community autonomy, change and rationalize government functions, and improve the system of community autonomy. To develop community participation and stimulate grassroots vitality, cultivate and develop social organizations and other targeted countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3

【参考文献】