欧盟内政与司法领域合作下的共同难民法律体系研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 04:49

本文选题：欧盟　切入点：难民　出处：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于西亚北非的政治局势动荡,内战,宗教、族群内部冲突不断,致使大量难民背井离乡,国际难民数量激增,欧洲地区的难民申请进入超负荷状态,欧盟内部存在的不团结问题也逐渐暴露,并最终形成了欧洲地区的难民危机。对于难民问题,欧盟国家并不陌生。在2015年的难民危机之前,各成员国之间其实已存在涉及难民体系的文件。在1985年《申根协定》签订后,包括德国在内的申根国家就已经意识到避难问题与欧盟外部边界间的密切联系,开放内部边境的前提就是一个值得信赖的统一的外部避难审查体系。面对边境安全新的需求,《都柏林公约》应运而生。《都柏林公约》确立了成员国负责避难审查的责任、标准,限制了重复避难申请的发生,进一步提高了共同避难体系的效率。1992年签订的《马斯特里赫特条约》更是欧盟在内政与司法领域合作的重要里程碑。《马约》明确地将司法与内务合作规定为欧盟的第三支柱,移民与避难问题也被明确纳入该领域的合作中。然而,以《都柏林公约》为核心的欧盟共同难民法律体系却在2015年的难民危机面前陷入了部分失灵的状态,其原因是植根于欧盟与成员国两个层面之中的。从成员国层面而言,由地缘因素导致的难民分摊压力不均匀以及国内政治环境的变化都会改变成员国对共同难民法律体系的态度。而从欧盟层面而言,欧盟与成员国在内政与司法领域权限划分的不明确、欧盟超国家机构设置的不平衡乃至欧盟自身定位的不明确都影响着共同难民法律体系的运行。难民危机的爆发对欧盟共同难民法律体系是一种冲击更是一种检验,如果欧洲的政治精英们能从此次危机中找到政治一体化前进的方向,那它也不失为一种转机。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as a result of the political instability in West Asia and North Africa, civil war, religious and inter-ethnic conflicts, a large number of refugees have been displaced from their homes, the number of international refugees has soared, and refugees in Europe have applied for overload. The problem of disunity within the European Union has also been exposed, and has eventually led to a refugee crisis in Europe. The EU is no stranger to the refugee problem. Before the refugee crisis in 2015, After the signing of the Schengen Agreement in 1985, the Schengen States, including Germany, were aware of the close link between the problem of asylum and the external borders of the European Union, The premise of opening internal borders is a credible and unified external asylum screening system. In the face of the new needs of border security, the Dublin Convention came into being. The Dublin Convention establishes the responsibility and standards of member States for asylum screening. Limiting the occurrence of repeated asylum applications, The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1992, was an important milestone in EU cooperation in the field of internal affairs and justice. The Treaty explicitly defines judicial and internal affairs cooperation as the third pillar of the EU. Immigration and asylum are also explicitly included in cooperation in this area. However, the European Union's common refugee legal system, with the Dublin Convention at its core, has fallen into partial failure in the face of the refugee crisis in 2015. The reason is rooted in both the EU and the member states. The uneven sharing of refugees due to geographical factors and changes in the domestic political environment will change the attitude of member States towards the common refugee legal system. The division of competence between the EU and its member States in the internal and judicial fields is unclear. The imbalance of the EU supranational institutions and the unclear orientation of the EU itself affect the operation of the common refugee legal system. The outbreak of the refugee crisis is an impact on the common refugee legal system of the EU and a test. If Europe's political elite finds a way forward from the crisis, it will be a turnaround.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D814.1;D95;DD912.1

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