新日美安全保障体制与日本“普通国家化”

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:40

本文选题：新日美安全保障体制　切入点：日本普通国家化　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济实力显著提升的前提下,日本提出要实现"普通国家化"。鉴于日美两国的同盟关系,有必要研究美国在日本"普通国家化"进程中扮演何种角色。本文在详细阐释日本"普通国家化"和日美安全保障体制后,借助相关联盟理论着重分析了两者之间的关系。本文认为新日美安全保障体制对日本"普通国家化"既有促进作用,也有阻碍作用。虽然新日美安全保障体制对日本"普通国家化"有负面影响,但是短时内,日本不可能突破这一体制。这意味着日本短期内不可能真正实现"普通国家化"。第二次世界大战结束之初,美国对日本实施了"非军事化"措施,使得日本成为"非普通化"的国家。随后,为了满足战略需要,美国与日本签订《旧金山和约》以及《美日安全条约》,形成日美安全保障体制。依据日美安全保障体制,美国承担了日本的主要防卫责任,拥有利用日本军事基地和设施的便利;日本则是在美国军事保护伞下,集中全力恢复和发展经济,同时建立警察预备队、海上警备队等,为日本的"普通国家化"作了铺垫。日本于20世纪90年代正式提出"普通国家化"。"普通国家化"有着深厚的历史渊源,融合了"新保守主义"和"新国家主义"的思想传统,而且结合了20世纪90年代日本的社会现实。"普通国家" 一词看似简单,内涵却十分丰富。广义来说,"普通国家"就是一个政治、经济、军事、社会等各方面实力均衡发展的国家。而狭义的解释针对的是国家的军事实力。鉴于本文论述的重点是日本军事发展受限的事实,文章对"普通国家化"的分析将集中在日本的军事方面。"普通国家"还具有深层含义,即"自主化"、"平等化"和"大国化"。日本"普通国家化"的实践有修改宪法、转变防卫战略、发展自卫队等。新日美安全保障体制的形成,反映了日本对"普通国家化"的追求和美国安全思维的回归。20世纪90年代,国际环境相对二战结束初期发生了翻天覆地的变化,尤其是苏联解体,共产主义阵营瓦解,对日美安全保障体制产生了巨大的冲击。在日美安全保障体制的帮助下,日本的整体实力得到大幅提升。相反,美国的相对实力却有所下降。这种实力逆转使得美国运用"经济优先"思维思考两国安全关系。在"普通国家化"战略的影响下,日本对日美安全保障也产生了诸多质疑。日美两国在经过了各自的战略混乱期以后,最终就形成新日美安全保障体制达成了统一意见。两国于1996年共同发表《美日安全保障联合宣言》,建立了新日美安全保障体制。新日美安全保障体制与1951年日美安全保障体制的不同实际上体现了日本"普通国家"化的要求。根据联盟理论,新日美安全保障体制对日本"普通国家化"的作用具有两面性。通过分析联盟理论中的"追随"概念以及联盟的作用,可以得出新日美安全保障体制促进了日本"普通国家化"的结论。新日美安全保障体制的形成符合日本"普通国家化"的需要,是此战略的应有之义。在当时的国际和国内环境下,新日美安全保障体制为日本实现"普通国家化"提供了重要平台。与此同时,新日美安全保障体制也为日本"普通国家化"创造了有利的外部环境。从结果来看,依靠新日美安全保障体制,日本大力发展了军事,在"平等化"、"大国化"方面取得了进展。但是,根据"联盟困境理论"等,新日美安全保障体制也表现出了对日本"普通国家化"的阻碍作用。通过新日美安全保障体制,美国增强了日本对日美联盟的依赖度,延缓了日本"普通国家化"的进程。美国还利用新日美安全保障体制规范日本"普通国家化"的方向,例如抑制日本的自主防卫倾向等。虽然美国对日本作出了一些让步,帮助日本在"普通国家化"方面达成了一定目标,但是这并不代表美国真正支持日本"普通国家化"。美国只是为了维持联盟的存续,将日本控制在联盟之内。而且,因为新日美安全保障体制的存在,日本面临着"被牵连"的风险,不利于日本实现"自由化"。虽然新日美安全保障体制阻碍日本"普通国家化"的实现,但是短期内,日本不可能进行自主防卫,仍然需要依靠新日美安全保障体制保卫国家安全。同时,日本也需要借助新日美安全保障体制,逐步实现"普通国家化"。换言之,日本难以真正实现"普通国家化"。
[Abstract]:The premise of a significant increase in the economic strength of Japan, put forward to achieve the "ordinary country". In view of the Japan US alliance between the two countries, it is necessary to study the United States in the process of Japan's "ordinary country" role. Based on the detailed interpretation of "ordinary country" of Japan and the Japanese American security system, with the help of related alliance the theory focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the two. This paper argues that the new Japan US security system of Japan "ordinary country" can not only promote, also hinders. Although the new Japan US security system has a negative impact on Japan "ordinary country", but in a short time, it is impossible for Japan to break through this system. This means Japan in the short term can not really realize the "ordinary country". The end of the Second World War the United States at the beginning of the implementation of the "non military" measures against Japan, making Japan's "non ordinary" countries. Then, for To meet the strategic needs, the United States and Japan signed the Treaty of San Francisco < > and < > the U.S. - Japan Security Treaty, the formation of the Japan US security system. On the basis of the Japan US security system, the United States bear the main responsibility for Japan's defense, with the use of military bases in Japan and Japan facilities; is in the United States military umbrella, to concentrate the economic recovery and development, and establish the police reserve, Marine Patrol Force, which paves the way for "ordinary country" of Japan. Japan formally proposed the "ordinary country" in 1990s. The "ordinary country" has a profound historical origin, the fusion of the "new conservatism" and "New Nationalism" the traditional ideas, and combined with the 1990s Japanese social reality. The "ordinary country" the word seems simple, connotation is very rich. In general, the "ordinary country" is a political, economic, military, social and other The development of the country. The balance of power and narrow interpretation for the country's military strength. In view of the focus of this paper is the development of Japan's military restricted military facts, based on the analysis of "ordinary country" will be concentrated in Japan. "Ordinary country" has deep meanings, namely "autonomy", "equality" and "power". The practice of Japan "ordinary country" is to amend the constitution, change the defense strategy, the development of the SDF. The formation of the new Japan US security system, reflecting the Japanese for "ordinary country" and the pursuit of national security thinking regression.20 Century 90s, the international environment is relatively the end of the Second World War happened to turn the world upside down changes early, especially the disintegration of the Soviet Union, communism collapsed, has had a huge impact on the Japan US security system. In Japan America security guarantee system under the help of the overall strength of the Japanese get big Increase. On the contrary, the relative strength of the United States has declined. The strength of this reversal makes us use of "economic priority" thinking of security relations between the two countries. In the influence of "ordinary country" strategy, Japan Japan US security also have a lot of questions. Japan and the United States after the chaos of their strategy, finally we reached a consensus to form a new Japan US security system. The two countries in 1996 jointly issued the "US Japan security joint declaration", the establishment of a new Japan US security system. The new Japan US security system and the 1951 Japan US security system the difference actually reflects Japan "ordinary country". According to the requirements of the new alliance theory. The Japan US security system of Japan "ordinary country" has two sides. Through the analysis of alliance theory in "follow" concept and role of the alliance, can come to new Japan Safety and security system to promote Japan "ordinary country". The conclusion is the formation of new Japan US security system to meet the needs of Japan "ordinary country", is the proper meaning of this strategy. At the time of the domestic and international environment, the new Japan US security system for Japan to realize "ordinary country" provides an important platform. At the same time, to create a favorable external environment for new Japan US security system for Japan "ordinary country". From the results, relying on the new Japan US security system, vigorously develop the military, in the "equality", "power" has made progress. However, according to the "alliance dilemma theory" so, the new Japan US security system also showed a negative effect on Japan "ordinary country". The new Japan US security system, the United States Japan alliance to enhance the dependence, delaying the Japanese "ordinary country". The United States also use the new code. The Japan US security system in Japan "ordinary country" direction, such as inhibition of Japan's self-defense tendency. Although the United States has made some concessions to Japan, Japan to help in the aspect of "ordinary country" to reach a certain goal, but this does not mean that the United States really support Japan "ordinary country" the United States. Just to maintain the alliance will exist, Japan's control in the league. But, because of the new Japan US security system, Japan faces a risk of being implicated, is not conducive to the realization of Japan "liberalization". Although the new Japan US security system hinder Japan "ordinary country". But in the short term, Japan can not self defense, still need to rely on the new Japan US security system to safeguard national security. At the same time, Japan also needs the help of the new Japan US security system, and gradually achieve the "ordinary country In other words, it is difficult for Japan to truly realize "general nationalization".

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D831.3

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