秦汉转型时期乡绅治理的功能研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 05:29

本文选题：秦汉社会转型 + 乡绅自治　；参考：《东华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：秦汉是中国历史上最令人瞩目的社会转型时期。从诸侯割据到天下“大一统”,从各自为政到中央-地方“金字塔”型权力结构形成,秦汉奠定了中国几千年的政治制度体制。秦朝开辟的“中央—郡—县”三级行政层级治理体制一直被后世统治者所沿用。汉初统治者采用“清静无为”治理思想直接产生了县以下基层社会“自主治理”的社会形态。秦汉乡村社会的乡绅在“皇权不下县”的权力真空下,凭借特有的社会地位、才学、品德、威望成为国家权力末梢的治理主体。他们成为国家与乡村社会的调节器,是中国传统乡村的治理者,是乡村公共权力结构的主导者。在平衡国家权力、促进乡村治理、节约行政成本、创造社会财富、淳民品性、凝聚力量等方面发挥重要的作用。探寻秦汉社会转型时期乡村基层社会发展的奥秘,本文区别前人将眼光注视在秦汉时期政治制度的形成,秦汉吏治的发展及秦汉时期文化的变迁等宏观视角,另辟蹊径,以小见大,试图从“乡绅”为着墨点挖掘其在秦汉乡村社会治理中的功能作用。本文通过历史比较法、文献整合法以期讲清以下问题:一、秦汉社会转型时期地方秩序的建构过程二、转型过程中的社会阶层变化对基层社会力量形成的影响三、秦汉乡绅阶级的形成与发展四、客观分析乡绅自治在中国几千年来基层治理的功能作用五、从历史发展的眼光,取其精华,弃其糟粕,给予现代化基层治理以思考和借鉴。纵观秦汉转型时期的乡绅治理,其特点鲜明,自治基础浑厚,虽不像“大一统”、“废分封行郡县”、“建统一行政官僚体制”等政治功绩引人注目,但作为基层社会治理重要角色的乡绅在发挥乡村建设的重要作用却不能视而不见!
[Abstract]:Qin and Han dynasties are the most remarkable period of social transformation in Chinese history.From the separation of princes to the "unification" of the world, from the separate administration to the formation of the central and local "pyramid" power structure, the Qin and Han dynasties established the political system of China for thousands of years.The three-level administrative hierarchy system of central-county-county was used by later rulers in Qin Dynasty.In the early Han Dynasty, the rulers adopted the idea of "quiet and inaction" to produce the social form of "independent governance" of the grass-roots society below the county level.Under the power vacuum of "imperial power does not fall under county", the gentry in the rural society of Qin and Han dynasties became the governing subject of the end of state power by virtue of their special social status, talent, morality and prestige.They become the regulator of the country and the rural society, the governer of the Chinese traditional village and the leader of the rural public power structure.It plays an important role in balancing state power, promoting rural governance, economizing administrative cost, creating social wealth, being honest in people's goods, and condensing power.In order to explore the mystery of the rural grass-roots social development in the period of social transformation of Qin and Han dynasties, this article distinguishes the former people from the macro perspective of the formation of the political system in the Qin and Han dynasties, the development of the administration of officials in the Qin and Han dynasties, and the changes of the culture in the Qin and Han dynasties.Through a small part to see the whole, try to excavate its function in the rural social governance of Qin and Han dynasties from the "squire" as the ink point.Through the method of historical comparison and the method of document integration, this paper aims to clarify the following problems: first, the construction process of local order in the period of social transformation in Qin and Han dynasties; second, the influence of social stratum changes on the formation of grass-roots social forces in the process of transformation.The formation and Development of the Squire Class in the Qin and Han dynasties. The function of the squire autonomy in China for thousands of years is analyzed objectively. From the perspective of historical development, the essence of the squire class is taken, the dross is discarded, and the modern grass-roots governance is considered and used for reference.During the transition period of Qin and Han dynasties, the management of the squire was characterized by its distinctive characteristics and strong autonomy. Although it was not like "unified unification", "scrapping separate seals to run counties", "building a unified administrative bureaucracy", and so on, it attracted much attention.However, as an important role of social governance at the grass-roots level, the squire can not turn a blind eye to the important role of rural construction.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D691

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