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加拿大民族认同与多元文化主义

发布时间:2018-04-28 00:41

  本文选题:英裔加拿大人 + 法裔加拿大人 ; 参考:《西安外国语大学》2017年硕士论文


【摘要】:加拿大是一个多民族和多文化的国家,没有统一的民族,曾经是世界上民族认同危机最大的国家。如果我们追根溯源,不难找出他的缘由所在:加拿大的种族构成从来就不是一两个民族形成的,自然就没有从一个老牌民族国家过渡到现代民族国家的过程。在加拿大的历史不同时期,除对法兰西和大英帝国的王室有过忠诚和服从,就直接进入到了独立的国家。自从大英帝国后裔入住加拿大的土地之后,英、法两个族裔的矛盾冲突就源源不断,当英裔统治加拿大以后,居住在魁北克的法兰西后裔曾经多次试图从加拿大独立出去;再加上邻国美国的巨大影响更是加深了这种危机。加拿大独立以来,一直在寻找自己的民族特性,塑造统一的民族认同,解决裔族矛盾。美国不断对加拿大进行领土扩张,文化侵蚀。加拿大一边进行对美国的侵略进行回击,一边试图找到解决内部民族的矛盾,找到自己民族整合的办法,最终形成了多元文化主义政策,从而解决了多年来存在的民族认同危机。本文从影响加拿大民族认同的几个主要方面,从魁北克独立运动着手,分析美国的影响和英法裔的矛盾冲突,着重研究加拿大多元文化主义的政策产生的客观条件,动因及贯彻实施。本文共有三个部分:第一部分:大英帝国后裔和法兰西后裔魁北克的基本概况及其独立运动:着重介绍加拿大两个立国民族英裔和法裔早期的发展概括。通过研究英,法裔在发展过程中所形成的不同的民族特性来揭示英,法裔的矛盾和冲突的深刻根源。其次,介绍魁北克作为法兰西后裔的历史及发动的几次独立事件。第二部分:民族主义的诞生:美国的武力侵略,文化侵蚀,民族主义的萌芽,美国独立战争和1812年英美战争是影响加拿大历史发展的两次战争。在这两次战争中,美国都曾武力入侵加拿大,激起了加拿大忾的民族情绪。加拿大在战争中所形成的民族主义情绪使它进一步远离美国,走上一条独特的发展道路。美国独立战争与加拿大,1812年英美战争与加拿大.再者美国的媒体舆论对加拿大进行强有力的文化侵蚀和加拿大的应对措施。加拿大联邦的形成及地位作用:在这种情况下联邦的形成即是殖民地发展的结果,更是抵御美国扩张的需要。统一的民族国家的建立无疑有助于民族意识的发展,增强加拿大人对互相认同的需求,“加拿大第一”运动的兴起就是一个重要表现。第三部分:加拿大多元文化主义的形成:统一的民族认同,加拿大的民族政策经历了从民族同化到二元文化再到多元文化政策的演变,多元文化政策不仅缓和了国内的民族矛盾,更有利于抵御美国文化的渗透,它所体现的包容性成为加拿大民族认同的实质。多元文化政策实施过程遇到了一些阻力和矛盾,两大裔族英裔和法裔及少数民族对其有不同的态度。分析这些矛盾存在的原因以及如何才能保障多元文化政策的实施。总结:加拿大多元文化主义的形成,有力地缓解了长期困扰加拿大民族矛盾的问题,希望通过对加拿大民族认同的整合给予有相似经历的民族国家以启示。
[Abstract]:Canada is a multi-ethnic and multicultural country. Without a unified nation, it was once the largest national identity crisis in the world. If we traced it to the source, it was not difficult to find the reason why the racial composition of Canada was never formed by one or two ethnic groups, and naturally it was not a transition from an old nation to the present. The process of generation of nations. In different periods of history in Canada, in addition to the loyalty and obedience of the royal families of France and the British Empire, they went directly into the independent state. Since the British Empire's descendants stayed in Canada, the conflicts between the two ethnic groups of Britain and France came to a steady stream, and lived after the British rule of Canada. The French descendants in Quebec have repeatedly tried to separate from Canada; and the great influence of the United States of neighbouring countries has deepened this crisis. Since independence, Canada has been looking for its own national characteristics, shaping a unified national identity, and solving ethnic contradictions. On the other hand, Canada has fought back to the invasion of the United States, trying to find a solution to the internal nation, finding a way to integrate its own nation, and finally forming a multiculturalism policy, thus solving the national identity crisis that has existed for many years. There are three parts in this article: the first part: the basic situation of the descendants of the British Empire and the French descendants of Quebec and their independent movement: the introduction of Canada two. A summary of the early development of the ethnic British and French descendants in a country. Through the study of the different ethnic characteristics of the French and French descendants in the process of development, the deep roots of the contradiction and conflict between Britain and France were revealed. Secondly, the history of Quebec as a descendant of France and several independent events were introduced. The second part: the birth of Nationalism: Beauty The armed aggression, cultural erosion, the germination of nationalism, the American War of independence and the 1812 Anglo American war were the two wars that affected the development of Canada's history. In these two wars, the United States had invaded Canada by force and aroused the national sentiment of Canada. Away from the United States, a unique path of development. The American War of independence and Canada, the Anglo American War and Canada in 1812. Again, the media of the United States made strong cultural erosion and Canada's response to Canada. The formation and status of the Canadian Federation: in this case the formation of the Federation is colonial. The result of the exhibition is the need to resist American expansion. The establishment of a unified national state undoubtedly contributes to the development of national consciousness, strengthens the demand for mutual recognition of Canadians, and the rise of "Canada first" movement is an important manifestation. The third part: the formation of Canadian Multiculturalism: a unified national identity, Canada The national policy has gone through the evolution from national assimilation to two yuan culture to multicultural policy. The multicultural policy not only alleviates the national ethnic contradiction, but also helps to resist the infiltration of American culture. Its inclusiveness becomes the essence of the national identity of Canada. The implementation of multi yuan cultural policy has encountered some resistance and some resistance. Contradictions, the two ethnic English and the French and the minority nationalities have different attitudes to them. Analyze the reasons for the existence of these contradictions and how to guarantee the implementation of the multicultural policy. The same integration gives inspiration to nation-state with similar experiences.

【学位授予单位】:西安外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:D771.1

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