奥巴马政府与古巴重建外交关系的动因探析

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:34

本文选题：美国 + 古巴　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国与古巴在断绝外交关系54年后,于2015年7月20日两国正式恢复外交关系,这是半个多世纪以来两国关系取得的最大进展。从1961年美国与古巴断绝外交关系到2015年美国与古巴恢复外交关系,古巴遭受到了美国严重的政治和经济封锁。在封锁的同时,美国还对卡斯特罗政权进行颠覆,但收效甚微。多年来,为了打破美国对古封锁,古巴积极发展多边外交关系,加强与世界各国的友好合作,特别是同拉美地区国家的关系,取得了巨大的成果。早在第一次竞选总统期间,奥巴马就承诺,一旦当选总统,美国将逐步改善与古巴的关系。2009年,奥巴马解除对美国公民前往古巴探亲和美国公民向其在古巴亲属汇款的限制。2014年12月17日,奥巴马宣布将致力于实现两国关系的正常化。结合以上背景,本文将从三个层面来分析奥巴马政府与古巴重建外交关系的动因。首先是从外部因素来分析,在和平发展与全球化的潮流下,中国、俄罗斯和欧盟积极地与古巴合作刺激美国恢复与古巴关系正常化;随着拉美国家地位的上升和美国地区影响力的下降,拉美国家要求美国停止对古巴的制裁;另外,来自国际社会的舆论压力要求美国废除对古巴的制裁。其次是从内部因素来分析,为了2016年的美国总统大选和提升美国国际形象,美国开始逐步改善与古巴的关系;古巴国内经济和社会改革取得了巨大成功,使得美国发现了制裁的失效;来自国内舆论的压力要求美国重新思考与古巴的关系。最后是从领导人因素来分析,奥巴马主动和包容的性格使得奥巴马对古巴采取温和的政策;国内政策的僵局,如医改政策,使得奥巴马在外交上寻求突破,追求政治遗产。通过分析动因,最终得出:内部因素是奥巴马政府与古巴重建外交关系的首要因素。
[Abstract]:The United States and Cuba officially resumed diplomatic ties on July 20, 2015, after 54 years of severed diplomatic relations, the biggest progress in more than half a century. Cuba has been subject to a severe political and economic embargo since 1961, when the United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba and resumed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015. The blockade coincided with the overthrow of the Castro regime by the United States, with little success. Over the years, Cuba has actively developed multilateral diplomatic relations and strengthened friendly cooperation with other countries in the world, especially with Latin American countries, in order to break the embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba. During his first presidential campaign, Obama promised that, once elected, the United States would gradually improve its relations with Cuba. Obama lifted restrictions on U.S. citizens visiting relatives in Cuba and U.S. citizens sending remittances to their relatives in Cuba. On December 17, 2014, Obama announced his commitment to normalizing relations between the two countries. Combined with the above background, this paper analyzes the reasons for the Obama administration to re-establish diplomatic relations with Cuba from three levels. First of all, from the external factors, under the trend of peaceful development and globalization, China, Russia and the European Union actively cooperate with Cuba to stimulate the United States to restore the normalization of relations with Cuba; With the rise of Latin America's status and the declining influence of the United States in the region, Latin American countries have demanded that the United States put an end to sanctions against Cuba; in addition, public opinion from the international community is calling on the United States to abolish the sanctions against Cuba. Secondly, from the perspective of internal factors, the United States began to gradually improve its relations with Cuba for the 2016 US presidential election and to raise the international image of the United States. Cuba's domestic economic and social reforms have achieved great success. The United States found the sanctions ineffective; pressure from domestic opinion called for a rethinking of relations with Cuba. Finally, from a leadership perspective, Obama's proactive and inclusive character has led him to adopt a moderate policy toward Cuba; domestic policy gridlock, such as health reform, has allowed him to pursue a diplomatic breakthrough and a political legacy. Through the analysis, it is concluded that internal factors are the primary factors for the Obama administration to re-establish diplomatic relations with Cuba.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2;D875.1

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