人口老龄化背景下山东省养老保障问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 12:42

本文选题：人口老龄化 + 山东省　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的发展进步，人口老龄化成为一种必然的发展趋势。人口老龄化的不断加剧带来一系列问题，已经成为世界各国都必须面对的重大社会问题之一。如何应对人口老龄化、如何解决好养老保障问题，对于稳定社会经济秩序，促进社会公平，构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的意义。山东省早在1994年已迈入人口老龄化社会。2010年第六次全国人口普查，山东省总人口9579.3万人，65岁及以上老年人口942.6万人。人口规模居全国第二位，老年人口规模居全国第一位，65岁及以上老年人口比重已达到9.84%，高于全国平均水平。对山东省人口预测数据表明，截止至2050年，老年人口比重将会达到25%，人口老龄化水平将持续增高。人口老龄化背景下山东省养老保障问题尤为突出。本文以社会保障理论和积极老龄化理论为理论基础，从人口老龄化的历史演变出发，采用文献研究法、定性分析法和定量分析法，对山东省人口老龄化的现状、趋势和山东省现行养老保障体系中存在的问题进行了具体分析研究。在对山东省人口老龄化的现状、趋势进行分析时可以看出，当前山东省人口老龄化速度进一步加快，老龄化程度持续加深；老龄人口社会养老负担呈加重趋势；老龄化程度和速度与经济社会发展水平不相匹配；老龄人口区域性不平衡问题较为突出。人口老龄化背景下，山东省社会养老保障面临诸多问题：一是老年人自我养老能力不足，包括老年人口身体健康问题和老年人口生活来源问题。二是家庭养老保障功能弱化。由于家庭规模趋于小型化，家庭成员照护老年人的人力资源不足；同时，在现代化和城镇化过程中，人们的居住习惯和家庭观念发生很大的转变，传统居家养老的习俗及其道德约束弱化。三是社会化养老发展相对滞后，作为社会化养老服务的基础条件，全省的养老服务机构和设施建设不能满足日益增长的养老服务需求；社会化养老服务人员不足，社区养老服务供求矛盾突出。四是随着老龄化程度的加深，，老年人的精神慰藉需求得不到满足。文章最后针对山东省的实际情况，提出对策建议：弘扬传统文化，继续发挥家庭养老保障作用；多渠道筹措养老资金，提高老年社会保障水平；加快社会化养老服务业发展，完善养老保障体系；深化体制机制改革，建立现代养老保障制度；不断完善人口政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, population aging has become an inevitable trend of development. The aging of population has brought a series of problems, which has become one of the major social problems that must be faced by all countries in the world. How to deal with the aging of the population and how to solve the problem of security for the aged is of great significance to stabilize the social economic order, promote social equity and build a harmonious socialist society. Shandong Province has entered an aging society as early as 1994. In the 2010 sixth National population Census, the total population of Shandong Province was 95.793 million people and 9.426 million people aged 65 and above. The size of the population ranks second in the country, and the proportion of the elderly aged 65 and above has reached 9.84, which is higher than the national average. The population forecast data of Shandong Province show that by 2050, the proportion of the elderly population will reach 25%, and the aging level of the population will continue to increase. Under the background of aging population, the problem of old-age security in Shandong Province is particularly prominent. Based on the theory of social security and the theory of active aging, this paper, based on the historical evolution of population aging, adopts literature research method, qualitative analysis method and quantitative analysis method to analyze the current situation of population aging in Shandong Province. The trend and the existing problems in the current old-age security system in Shandong Province are analyzed and studied in detail. In the analysis of the current situation and trend of population aging in Shandong Province, we can see that the aging speed of population in Shandong Province is further accelerated, the aging degree continues to deepen, and the burden of social old-age support of the aged population is increasing. The degree and speed of aging do not match with the level of economic and social development, and the regional imbalance of the aged population is more prominent. Under the background of aging population, the social security for the aged in Shandong Province is faced with many problems: firstly, the old people's ability to provide for the aged is insufficient, including the health problems of the elderly population and the source of life of the elderly population. Second, the family pension security function weakened. As the size of the family tends to be smaller, the human resources of family members to care for the elderly are inadequate; at the same time, during the process of modernization and urbanization, people's living habits and family concepts have changed considerably. The custom of traditional home endowment and its moral restriction weaken. Third, the development of socialized old-age care is relatively lagging behind. As the basic condition of socialized old-age service, the construction of pension service institutions and facilities in the whole province cannot meet the increasing demand for old-age service, and the socialized old-age service personnel are insufficient. The contradiction between supply and demand of community pension service is prominent. Fourth, with the deepening of aging, the spiritual comfort needs of the elderly can not be met. Finally, according to the actual situation of Shandong Province, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions: carry forward traditional culture, continue to play the role of family old-age security; raise pension funds through multiple channels to improve the level of social security for the elderly; speed up the development of socialized old-age service industry. To perfect the old-age security system, to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism, to establish the modern old-age security system, to improve the population policy and to promote the long-term balanced development of the population.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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