美国犹太组织与美以特殊关系的“危机”

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:15

本文选题：美以特殊关系 + 美国犹太组织　；参考：《西亚非洲》2017年03期

【摘要】：长期以来,美国和以色列都能有效管控相互之间的分歧和矛盾,使双边关系中偶发的"危机"成为短期现象。但在奥巴马时期,围绕巴以和平进程和伊朗核危机等问题,美以特殊关系出现了最为持久的严重"危机"。从各自的政策立场出发,内塔尼亚胡政府和奥巴马政府都为积极争取美国犹太组织的支持而实施游说动员和反游说动员。前者采取"推右抑左"的策略,而后者则针锋相对地采取"扶左抑右"策略。面对美以关系危机,以"美以公共事务委员会"为代表的主流犹太组织则注意弥合双方的分歧和矛盾,努力管控和缓解危机。但在美以关系危机愈演愈烈的情况下,这些组织难免滑向与奥巴马政府的直接或间接对抗,并成为美国国内党争的牺牲品而一再受挫。领导人之间的个性和理念上差异、国家利益的重要分歧,以及美国社会和美国犹太社团内部的极化现象,都给主流犹太组织有效管控美以关系"危机"带来了难度。在特朗普时代,美国主流犹太组织仍然非常强大,尽管借以发挥影响的国内环境发生了变化,但仍有望推动美以关系获得改善。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the United States and Israel have been able to effectively manage their differences and contradictions, making the occasional "crisis" in bilateral relations a short-term phenomenon. But during Obama's time, the US-Israel special relationship emerged as the most enduring and serious crisis over issues such as the peace process between Israel and Palestine and the Iranian nuclear crisis. From their respective policy positions, both the Netanyahu administration and the Obama administration are engaged in lobbying mobilization and anti-lobbying mobilization to actively enlist the support of Jewish organizations in the United States. The former adopts the strategy of "pushing right and suppressing left", while the latter adopts the strategy of "supporting left and suppressing right". In the face of the crisis between the United States and Israel, the mainstream Jewish organizations, represented by the United States Public Affairs Committee, pay attention to bridging the differences and contradictions between the two sides, and strive to manage and alleviate the crisis. But as the US-Israel crisis intensifies, it is inevitable that these groups will slide into direct or indirect confrontation with the Obama administration and become victims of a political row within the United States. The differences in personality and ideas between leaders, the important differences in national interests, and the polarization within American society and Jewish communities make it difficult for mainstream Jewish organizations to effectively manage the "crisis" in US-Israel relations. In the Trump era, mainstream Jewish organizations in the United States remained strong and, despite changes in the domestic environment under which they were influenced, they were expected to push for a better relationship between the United States and Israel.
【作者单位】：上海犹太研究中心;上海社会科学院国际问题研究所;
【分类号】：D838.2;D871.2

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