网络政治参与群体极化的消极效应及其防范

发布时间：2018-05-14 15:40

本文选题：群体极化 + 网络政治参与　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在社会信息化加速发展的大背景下，互联网、手机网络等新媒体的普及使我们进入了一个人人拥有麦克风的自媒体时代，与此同时，新媒体的普及也在人类原有的公共空间活动范围以外缔造了一个虚拟的公共空间。由于我国当前正处在社会转型时期，社会矛盾的尖锐和社会机制的不健全等因素使得近年来一些利益群体在以网络论坛、网络社区为代表的网络舆论中助推、加速群体极化的产生，使得原来处于内隐状态的民意表达欲望经由网络群体性事件得以宣泄和释放。虽然网络群体极化有时能够促进事件得到合理解决，但相伴催生出的网络暴民、人肉搜索、网络欺骗和网络机会主义行为等负面效应不利于网络舆论的健康发展，不利于公民有序的网络政治参与，更不利于推动网络民主的建设进程。此外，网络空间的群体极化现象极易从虚拟的网络转为对现实社会的破坏力，在现实中出现恶性的群体性事件，扰乱社会的正常秩序，不利于国家的安定有序发展。本文首先在厘清群体极化、网络政治参与、网络政治参与群体极化等相关概念的基础上对网络政治参与群体极化的整个发生过程进行了梳理，然后重点对网络政治参与群体极化的消极效应进行了五个方面的分析，即网民的参与情绪化汇集极端的情绪化民意；“集体无意识”造成网络舆情表达的扭曲化和极端化；“多数人的暴政”在一定程度上消解“协商民主”的意义；“蒙面式民主”带来“网络暴民”的集体狂欢；网上非理性群体心理的强化引发群体性事件的爆发。接下来又追根溯源，重点探讨了引起网络政治参与群体极化负面效应产生的原因，从网民、政府与社会、网络传播三个角度入手，认为网民主体结构的分化和参与理性的缺乏；政府治理的缺失与社会事件的刺激；网络技术的催化与网络媒体的推波助澜都是引起网络政治参与群体极化负面效应的主要原因。最后，，本文试图从实践层面提出一些有益的探索，提倡政府进一步完善信息公开，加强舆论引导和推进公民教育，呼吁网络群体进行客观理性的表达并希望政府部门、网络媒体以及网络群体形成一种和谐互动的局面，减少网络政治参与群体极化的负面效应对社会民众利益的损害。希望借此理论研究能为广大网民的网络参政行为起到一定的引导作用，从而为维护网络秩序、推进公民进行有序网络政治参与、网络舆论的健康发展及社会的安定有序贡献些许力量。
[Abstract]:In the context of the rapid development of social informatization, the popularity of new media such as the Internet, mobile phone networks and so on has led us to enter an era of self-media with microphones for everyone, at the same time, The popularity of new media also creates a virtual public space outside the original public space. Because our country is currently in the period of social transformation, the sharp social contradiction and the unsound social mechanism make some interest groups push forward in the network public opinion represented by the network forum and the network community in recent years. Accelerate the generation of group polarization, so that the original implicit state of the desire to express public opinion through the network mass events can be released and released. Although the network group polarization can sometimes promote a reasonable solution to the incident, the accompanying negative effects such as network mob, human flesh search, network deception and network opportunism are not conducive to the healthy development of network public opinion. It is not conducive to the orderly participation of citizens in network politics, but also to the process of promoting the construction of network democracy. In addition, the phenomenon of group polarization in cyberspace is easy to change from virtual network to destructive power to the real society. In reality, malignant group events appear, disturb the normal order of the society, and are not conducive to the stable and orderly development of the country. Firstly, this paper clarifies the concepts of group polarization, network political participation group polarization and so on, and combs the whole process of network political participation group polarization. Then the negative effects of the network political participation group polarization are analyzed in five aspects, that is, the Internet users' participation in the emotional collection of extreme emotional public opinion, "collective unconscious" resulting in the distortion and extremism of network public opinion expression; To some extent, "tyranny of the majority" dispels the meaning of "deliberative democracy"; "masked democracy" brings about the collective carnival of "network mob"; the strengthening of irrational group psychology on the Internet leads to the outbreak of mass events. Then, tracing back to the source, the author focuses on the causes of the negative effects of the network political participation group polarization, starting from the three angles of Internet users, government and society, and network communication, thinks that the main structure of Internet users is divided and the lack of participation rationality; The lack of government governance and the stimulation of social events, the catalysis of network technology and the promotion of network media are the main reasons for the negative effects of group polarization in network political participation. Finally, this article attempts to put forward some beneficial exploration from the practical aspect, advocates the government further consummates the information open, strengthens the public opinion guidance and the promotion citizen education, appeals to the network community to carry on the objective rational expression and the hope government department, Network media and network groups form a harmonious and interactive situation to reduce the negative effects of network political participation group polarization on the interests of the public. It is hoped that the theoretical research can play a guiding role in the network political participation of the vast number of Internet users, so as to maintain the network order and promote the orderly participation of citizens in the network politics. The healthy development of network public opinion and social stability and order contribute a little strength.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D621.5;G206

【参考文献】