欧洲一体化进程中的丹麦全民公投研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 00:40

本文选题：丹麦 + 欧洲一体化　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：丹麦作为北欧发达国家以及欧盟成员国之一,在欧盟中的角色有其特殊性。丹麦虽然是欧盟成员国,但却非欧元区国家,并且在其他个别关键领域也不参加欧洲一体化合作,包括不参加欧盟统一国防合作,不参加司法和内政领域的合作、不承认其公民的欧盟公民身份等。这主要归因于1992年的关于《马斯特里赫特条约》的全民公投中,丹麦民众投票否决了该条约,使得丹麦从此走上了"特殊化"的欧盟道路。本文的研究对象是欧洲一体化进程中的历次丹麦全民公投,即丹麦在加入欧盟以及参与欧盟事务过程中所举行的全民公投。从全民公投的角度来剖析丹麦参与欧洲一体化的历史,主要目的是为了全面理解丹麦在欧洲一体化进程中所扮演的角色,对于了解丹麦对欧关系和当今欧盟发展的形势有着重要意义。在研究过程中,将丹麦参与欧洲一体化进程历史上的八次全民公投按照欧共体时期、欧共体到欧盟过渡期和欧盟扩大时期三个时期进行分类,分别从国外和国内政治背景、结果分析、影响等方面对三个时期的全民公投进行分析研究,其中重点研究欧共体到欧盟的过渡期,即1992年和1993年的两次全民公投。本文主要采用了文献分析、历史分析和案例分析的研究方法。研究具有一定的创新性,因为国内以丹麦为研究主体的研究比较少见,且没有从全民公投角度进行切入的研究。丹麦在欧盟中的角色具有特殊性,因此丹麦的欧洲一体化进程有一定的研究价值。经过分析与研究,本文最后总结出了丹麦各时期的欧盟公投所反映的问题。第一,全民公投的结果与国内的政治环境有紧密联系。第二,由于欧洲一体化的精英驱动性与全民公投的广泛民主性之间存在根本上的矛盾,因此全民公投的结果与政府和政党的态度常常会出现分歧。第三,全民公投也可以看作是政府在参与欧盟事务方面规避政治风险的一种政治手段。通过研究,还可以总结出丹麦参与欧洲一体化进程的一些特点。首先,丹麦在加入欧共体时的初衷是以经济利益为诉求,导致丹麦民众很长一段时间内对于欧共体和欧盟的印象仍然是单纯的经济组织,而忽略了欧共体和欧盟成立的政治性背景和目的。其次,丹麦政府在参与欧盟方面持激进保守的态度,对于欧盟的态度充满矛盾性和复杂性。再次,由于政党繁多、政治决策民主程度高,政府很难维持单一、稳定的对欧政策。最后,随着欧盟面临越来越多的问题和挑战,疑欧派政党在丹麦民众中的支持率持续上升,反映了丹麦民众的疑欧情绪日益增加。
[Abstract]:Denmark, as a developed country in Northern Europe and one of EU member countries, has its special role in the EU. Although Denmark is a member of the European Union, it is not a member of the euro zone and does not participate in European integration cooperation in other key areas, including cooperation in the unified defence of the European Union or in judicial and internal affairs. Do not recognize its citizens of the EU citizenship, etc. This is largely due to the 1992 referendum on the Maastricht Treaty, which was rejected by the Danish people, leading Denmark to a "special" EU path. The research object of this paper is the Danish national referendum in the process of European integration, that is, the referendum held by Denmark in the process of joining the European Union and participating in the affairs of the European Union. The main purpose of analyzing the history of Denmark's participation in European integration from the perspective of the referendum is to fully understand Denmark's role in the European integration process. It is of great significance to understand Denmark's relations with Europe and the current situation of EU development. In the course of the study, the eight referendums in the history of Denmark's participation in the European integration process were classified into three periods: the period of the European Community, the period of transition from the European Community to the European Union and the period of the enlargement of the European Union, respectively from foreign and domestic political backgrounds. The result analysis, influence and so on carries on the analysis research to the three periods of referendum, among which the emphasis is the study of the transition period from the European Union to the European Union, that is, the two referendums in 1992 and 1993. This article mainly uses the literature analysis, the historical analysis and the case analysis research method. The research is innovative, because the study of Denmark as the main body of research is relatively rare, and there is no research from the perspective of referendums. Denmark's role in the European Union has its particularity, so Denmark's European integration process has certain research value. After analysis and research, this paper summarizes the problems reflected in the EU referendum in Denmark. First, the outcome of the referendum is closely linked to the domestic political environment. Second, because there is a fundamental contradiction between the meritocracy of European integration and the widespread democracy of referendums, the outcome of referendums often diverges with the attitudes of governments and political parties. Third, referendums can also be seen as a political means for governments to avoid political risks in participating in EU affairs. Some characteristics of Denmark's participation in the process of European integration can also be summed up through research. First of all, when Denmark joined the European Community, its original intention was to pursue economic interests, which led the Danish people to think for a long time that the EC and the European Union were still purely economic organizations. The political background and purpose of the establishment of the European Community and the European Union were ignored. Second, the Danish government is aggressive and conservative in its participation in the EU, which is full of contradictions and complexities. Third, it is difficult for the government to maintain a single and stable policy towards Europe because of the variety of political parties and the high degree of democracy in political decision-making. Finally, as the EU faces more problems and challenges, Eurosceptic parties' support among the Danish public continues to rise, reflecting the growing sentiment among the Danish public.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D814.1;D853.4

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