中国残疾人康复需求与发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 06:05

本文选题：残疾人 + 康复需求　；参考：《中国康复理论与实践》2017年08期

【摘要】：目的研究中国残疾人的主要康复需求和康复服务发展状况。方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中康复需求与发展状况的数据进行统计分析,并就2006年至2016年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报有关康复的数据进行分析研究。结果我国残疾人的康复需求主要包括:医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务、贫困残疾人救助、无障碍设施、信息无障碍和其他康复需求。需求最高的是医疗服务与救助(34.84%)和贫困残疾人救助(33.25%)。不同残疾类别残疾人在康复需求上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=40322.1,P0.01)。在我国各类残疾中,有约41.46%的残疾人未曾接受过任何服务和救助,接受最多的服务是医疗服务与救助(30.45%),接受最少的是信息无障碍(0.55%)。专家为各类残疾人提供的康复形式建议主要集中在机构康复和社区与家庭服务;专家建议医疗服务作为精神残疾类(68.18%)和视力残疾类(60.28%)的主要康复内容,辅助器具作为听力残疾类(51.67%)的主要康复内容,康复训练与服务作为智力残疾类(57.36%)和言语残疾类(47.06%)的主要康复内容。不同残疾类别残疾人在专家为其提供的康复形式和康复内容上存在非常显著性差异(χ~2=12489.9,χ~2=52528.93,P0.01)。结论中国残疾人的康复需求主要表现为医疗服务与救助、辅助器具、康复训练与服务和贫困残疾人救助,不同类别残疾人康复需求存在差异;残疾人接受最多的是医疗服务与救助;中国残疾人得到的贫困残疾人救助与其需求差距最大;专家为不同类别残疾人建议的康复形式和康复内容存在差异。建议构建国家和地方康复政策支持体系和康复服务治理架构;以残疾人的康复需求为导向,提供精准康复服务;建立综合性康复服务体系,实现人人享有基本康复服务的目标;大力培养专业康复人员,提升康复服务提供能力和水平;运用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》开展康复科学研究,为促进康复事业发展提供科学支持。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the main rehabilitation needs and the development of rehabilitation services for the disabled in China. Methods the data of rehabilitation demand and development in the second National sample Survey of disabled Persons were statistically analyzed, and the data of rehabilitation in the Statistical Bulletin of the cause of disabled Persons in China from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed and studied. Results the rehabilitation needs of the disabled in China mainly include: medical service and assistance, assistive devices, rehabilitation training and service, poor disabled assistance, barrier-free facilities, information accessibility and other rehabilitation needs. The highest demand was for medical services and assistance (34.84) and for poor persons with disabilities (33.25%). There was a significant difference in rehabilitation demand among different disability groups (蠂 2 40322.1P 0.01). Among all kinds of disability in China, about 41.46% of the disabled have never received any service or assistance, the most accepting service is medical service and relief 30.45%, and the least accepted is information accessibility 0.55%. The forms of rehabilitation provided by experts to all categories of disabled persons are mainly focused on institutional rehabilitation and community and family services; the experts suggest medical services as the main rehabilitation contents of mental disability (68.18) and visual disability (60.28). Assistive devices are the main rehabilitation contents of hearing disability (51.67), rehabilitation training and service (57.36) and speech disability (47.06). There were significant differences in the rehabilitation forms and contents provided by the experts to the disabled persons with different disability categories (蠂 ~ 2 12489.9, 蠂 ~ (2) 2) 52528.93 (P 0.01). Conclusion the rehabilitation needs of the disabled in China are mainly manifested as medical services and assistance, assistive devices, rehabilitation training and services, and poor disabled people's assistance. There are differences in the rehabilitation needs of different types of disabled persons. The disabled receive the most medical services and assistance; the Chinese disabled receive the largest gap between the poor disabled and their needs; experts for different types of disabled people's rehabilitation forms and rehabilitation content are different. It is suggested to construct a national and local rehabilitation policy support system and a rehabilitation service governance framework; to provide accurate rehabilitation services based on the rehabilitation needs of the disabled; to establish a comprehensive rehabilitation service system to achieve the goal of basic rehabilitation services for all. To train professional rehabilitation personnel to improve the ability and level of rehabilitation service and to use the International Classification of function Disability and Health to carry out scientific research on rehabilitation and to provide scientific support for promoting the development of rehabilitation.
【作者单位】：郑州大学中国智力和发展性残疾分级评估与康复(运动)重点实验室;中国康复研究中心康复信息研究所/世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心;香港扶康会;
【基金】：第二次全国残疾人抽样调查课题(2006-2007) 国务院残疾人工作委员会课题(2014-2015) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(重大科学研究引导基金项目)(No.2017CZ-7)
【分类号】：D669.69

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