山西省永济市农村留守老人养老问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 18:28

本文选题：永济市农村留守老人 + 养老成本　；参考：《山西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长久以来城乡二元经济结构和户籍制度、传统农村养老观念的制约都在客观上促使农村留守老人这一特殊群体的产生。农村留守老人低养老金和有限劳动收入与不断增加的养老支出的矛盾成为中国农村留守老人面临的主要问题,解决农村留守老人生活照料缺失、医疗保障弱功能、社区养老滞后发展这些养老保障难题显得尤为迫切。对农村留守老人提供养老保障,符合需求理论、人权理论、基本公共服务均等化等理论基本要求。我国现行的城乡居民社会养老保险制度、新型农村合作医疗保险制度、农村最低生活保障制度和老年人社会优抚制度等,为农村老年人口,包括留守老人提供了基本的制度保障。山西省运城市农村经济有一定的基础,其中运城市所辖的永济市具有一定的代表性。以永济市农村为例,采用问卷调查、个体访谈等方法,研究农村留守老人的养老保障情况,有助于进一步完善农村的养老保障制度。从永济市样本地区留守老人的年龄、性别等基本概况看,目前多数留守老人同配偶一起生活或独居,缺乏子女的生活照料;多数留守老人身体健康状况一般,常见病能够得到基本治疗,但有些突发疾病得不到及时的医疗救治,医疗保险补偿比例也不高。留守老人的收入主要来源于个人劳动、子女赡养、养老金收入等政府补贴三方面;留守老人的养老成本主要包括日常基本生活支出、医疗费用支出和其他支出三方面。从收支情况看,养老支出与养老收入之间低水平平衡。综合留守老人的基本生活、身体健康及医疗状况、精神慰藉、养老收支状况等方面现状分析,永济市农村留守老人养老存在生活照料缺失、医疗保障功能较弱、社区养老发展滞后等问题。造成这些问题的主要原因是农村传统家庭养老作用的衰减、农村社区养老建设的滞后、政府基本社会保障制度的不完善等。综合留守老人在养老方面所面临的问题,应对这一群体的养老给予高度重视。从完善新型农村养老保险制度、强化农村家庭养老保障功能、支持农村社区养老等多方面采取措施,促进农村所有老年人有尊严的养老。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas, the household registration system and the restriction of traditional rural old-age concept have objectively promoted the emergence of a special group of rural left-behind elderly people. The contradiction between low old-age pension and limited labor income and increasing old-age expenditure in rural areas has become the main problem facing the rural left-behind elderly, which solves the lack of care for the rural left-behind elderly and the weak function of medical security. It is particularly urgent for community pension to lag behind the development of these old-age security problems. Providing old-age security for the rural left-behind elderly conforms to the basic requirements of demand theory, human rights theory, equalization of basic public services, and so on. The current social old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, the new rural cooperative medical insurance system, the rural minimum living security system and the social preferential pension system for the elderly are the rural elderly population. Including the elderly left behind to provide the basic system of security. The rural economy of Yuncheng city of Shanxi Province has a certain foundation, in which Yongji City, which is under the jurisdiction of Yuncheng City, has certain representativeness. Taking Yongji rural area as an example, this paper studies the old-age security situation of the rural left-behind elderly by means of questionnaire investigation and individual interview, which is helpful to further improve the old-age security system in rural areas. From the basic survey of the age and sex of the elderly left behind in the sample area of Yongji City, at present, most of the left-behind elderly people live or live alone with their spouses and lack the life care of their children; most of the left-behind elderly people are in general physical health. Common diseases can get basic treatment, but some sudden diseases can not get timely medical treatment, and the proportion of medical insurance compensation is not high. The income of the left-behind elderly mainly comes from three aspects, such as personal labor, child support, pension income and so on, while the old-age care cost of the left-behind elderly mainly includes three aspects: daily basic living expenses, medical expenses and other expenses. From the income and expenditure situation, pension expenditure and pension income between the low level of balance. Based on the analysis of the basic life, physical health and medical condition, mental comfort, income and expenditure of the aged, it is found that there is a lack of care for the elderly in Yongji rural areas, and the function of medical security is weak. Community pension development lags behind and so on. The main causes of these problems are the decline of the traditional family pension function in rural areas, the lagging of the rural community pension construction, the imperfection of the basic social security system of the government, and so on. In order to pay more attention to the aged, the elderly who stay behind should pay more attention to the problems they are facing in providing for the aged. Measures should be taken to improve the new rural old-age insurance system, strengthen the function of rural family old-age security, and support the rural community to provide for the aged, so as to promote all the elderly in rural areas to have a dignified pension.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

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