冷战初期非美活动委员会在美国国家安全中的角色分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:37

本文选题：非美活动委员会 + 反共调查　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：非美活动委员会是美国国会众议院的一个调查机构,该委员会的前身早在一战后便已出现,但随着美苏冷战的酝酿与开始,该委员会的职能也发生了巨大的转变,其见证和经历了一段异常活跃的美国社会历史的变迁。本文拟通过梳理冷战大背景下美国国家安全防卫中非美活动委员会的组织架构方式、主要活动及其成果和弊端,并以冷战初期著名悬案——“阿尔杰·希斯案”的调查始末及其影响为例,探索和分析冷战初期该委员会在美国国家安全中所扮演的角色,认识非常时期内非美活动委员会对维护当时美国国家安全和对抗苏联渗透的作用,并分析其调查手段事实上对当时美国国内司法和民主的破坏,以新的视角从美国内部考察冷战和美国社会的变迁。除引言和结语外,本文主体共包括四个部分:第一部分从美国的反共传统、共产主义的发展及其两党政治斗争的角度对冷战前非美活动委员会成立的背景进行了分析和论述,并概括了非美活动委员会前身的演变历程及早期的主要活动和发展情况。第二部分分析了成为国会常设机构后的非美活动委员会的成员构成与运作情况及其调查程序规则,并梳理了冷战初期非美活动委员会的主要立法、立法主题和在其影响下的行政政策命令及司法命令的制定情况,概括了冷战初期非美活动委员会主导下的主要调查活动及其反响。第三部分以冷战初期非美活动委员会主导下著名的间谍案件“阿尔杰·希斯案”的调查为例,概括了案件调查的过程,并分析了该案对委员会本身、美国国家安全观和美国现代斗争势力的影响。第四部分对非美活动委员会在冷战初期维护美国国家安全的角色进行了评析,一方面认为非美活动委员会在冷战这一特殊时期对维护美国国家安全有特殊作用,另一方面指出了非美活动委员会的活动对美国社会民主和法制的破坏,客观上给它所要维护的美国国家安全带来内部的“不安全因素”,并由此分析和思考了国家安全与国内民主需求之间的关系与平衡。
[Abstract]:The Committee on Non-American activities is an investigative body in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress. Its predecessor appeared after the first World War, but with the brewing and beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the functions of the committee also changed dramatically. It witnessed and experienced a period of exceptionally active changes in the history of American society. This paper intends to comb the organizational structure, main activities, achievements and drawbacks of the Central African and American activities Committee for National Security and Defense of the United States under the background of the Cold War. And taking the investigation of the famous outstanding case of the early Cold War, the case of Arjay Heath, as an example, this paper explores and analyzes the role played by the Commission in the national security of the United States in the early years of the Cold War. Recognizing the role of the non-American activities committee in safeguarding the national security of the United States at that time and countering the infiltration of the Soviet Union during the extraordinary period, and analysing the fact that its means of investigation undermined domestic justice and democracy in the United States at that time, From a new perspective, the Cold War and the changes of American society are examined from within the United States. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of this paper includes four parts: the first part analyzes and discusses the background of the establishment of the non-American activities committee before the Cold War from the perspective of the anti-Communist tradition of the United States, the development of communism and the political struggle between the two parties. And summarized the non-American activities committee predecessor evolution process and early main activities and developments. The second part analyzes the membership and operation of the non-American activities committee after becoming a permanent body of Congress, and the rules of the investigation procedure, and combs the main legislation of the non-American activities committee in the early Cold War. The legislative theme and the formulation of executive policy orders and judicial orders under its influence generalize the main investigation activities and their repercussions under the guidance of the Non-American activities Committee in the early Cold War. The third part takes the investigation of the famous spy case "Alger Heath case" under the leadership of the non-American activities Committee in the early Cold War as an example, summarizes the investigation process of the case, and analyzes the case's impact on the Commission itself. American national security concept and the influence of American modern struggle forces. The fourth part analyzes the role of the non-American activities committee in safeguarding the national security of the United States in the early stage of the cold war. On the one hand, it holds that the non-American activities committee played a special role in safeguarding the national security of the United States during the special period of the cold war. On the other hand, it points out that the activities of the non-American activities committee undermine the democracy and the legal system in American society, objectively bringing internal "unsafe factors" to the national security of the United States that it is trying to safeguard. The relationship and balance between national security and domestic democratic demand are analyzed and considered.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

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