山东省农村社会养老服务体系建设研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 10:24

本文选题：农村 + 社会养老服务体系　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会的不断进步与经济的快速发展,中国这个人口大国不可避免的的进入老龄化阶段,并且与日俱增。同时,山东作为一个人口大省已于1994年正式进入老龄化社会,比全国平均年份早了六年。随着生育率的下降及人均寿命的延长,山东省人口老龄化程度不断提高,养老保障负担逐年加重。在山东省已经进入老龄化社会的这21年间,山东省农村地区的养老保障制度从无到有,农村社会养老服务体系从残缺到完善,新型农村养老保险从最初的7%的覆盖率到今天的全覆盖,走过了许多艰辛路程,也收获了许多丰富的经验与教训。相较于经济发达的城市,农村地区的养老保障制度一向被人忽视,近年来,山东省政府和相关部门出台了不少针对农村地区的社会养老服务的相关法规与政策,也投入了大量的资金与人力物力,并积极借鉴了国内外先进的养老服务经验,同时发挥市场作用,以求建立一个完善的农村社会养老服务体系,使农村老年人老有所养,老有所依。本文运用数据分析、比较分析、文献统计、问卷调查等方法以及建立Logit模型等研究方法,首先,对农村社会养老服务体系的相关理论进行了研究和阐述。包括社会养老服务体系相关概念的阐述,农村社会养老服务体系的内涵以及农村社会养老服务的构成等。并根据马斯洛的五个需求层次理论对农村老年人群体进行了需求结构分析。还对与养老服务体系相关的福利多元化理论和象征性相互作用理论进行了简单研究,这为进一步研究并完善山东省农村社会养老服务体系打好了基础。其次,以山东省为例,对当前农村社会养老服务体系的现状和存在的问题进行了分析。在对山东省农村地区养老问题现状的研究中,针对山东省人口老龄化的发展现状和特点、“空巢老人”现象、目前农村社会养老保险现状、新型农村合作医疗保险现状以及农村老年人的社会救助现状加以分析,直观的体现了当年山东省农村地区老年人的普遍情况。在山东省农村社会养老服务体系的发展建设现状方面,对农村居家养老服务、农村社区养老服务和机构养老服务分别进行了研究总结。之后,通过对山东省济南市、淄博市、泰安市、枣庄市四地农村地区的走访和问卷调查研究,总结了农村老年人对社会养老服务的需求意愿,认为生活照料、医疗保健和精神慰藉是农村老年人最为需要的社会养老服务。文化娱乐等养老服务也是老年人所需要的。并在统计结果的基础上,建立了Logit回归模型,分析统计结果是否具有显著性,是否客观真实地体现老年人的需求意愿。得出结果,老年人的年龄、身体健康状况、子女个数和平均月收入水平是影响农村地区老年人社会养老服务需求意愿的主要因素。再次,在以上研究和分析的基础上,总结了山东省农村社会养老服务体系发展的制约因素和存在的问题。经济因素、教育因素、“空巢老人”因素和医疗费用因素都是制约山东省农村社会养老服务体系发展的主要因素。然后,从居家养老服务、社区养老服务以及机构养老服务方面分别列举了当前山东省农村社会保障存在的问题。最后,根据建设农村社会养老服务体系的基本理念、具体原则和基本框架,提出了完善山东省农村地区社会养老服务体系的四条建议:加大政府和社会对农村社会养老服务体系的投入力度,强化农村社会养老服务体系的基础社会支持,使农村社会养老服务体系尽快走上法制化道路,在农村地区发展文化养老服务事业。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of our society and the rapid development of the economy, the population of China is inevitably entering the stage of aging and increasing. At the same time, Shandong, as a large province of population, has formally entered the aging society in 1994, six years earlier than the national average. With the decline of the fertility rate and the extension of the life expectancy of the country. In the 21 years of the aging society in Shandong Province, the old-age security system in the rural areas of Shandong province has gone from scratch, and the old-age service system in the rural society from the incomplete to the perfect, the new rural old-age insurance coverage from the initial 7% to today's coverage in the 21 years of the aging society in Shandong province. Full coverage, a lot of hard journey, and many rich experience and lessons have been harvested. Compared to the economically developed cities, the old-age security system in rural areas has always been ignored. In recent years, the Shandong provincial government and related departments have issued a lot of relevant regulations and policies on the social services for the elderly in rural areas, and also put into a big investment. In order to establish a perfect rural social old-age service system so as to make the old people in the rural areas be old and old, the paper uses data analysis, comparative analysis, literature statistics, questionnaire investigation and other methods to establish Logit. Model and other research methods, first of all, the related theories of rural social old-age service system are studied and expounded, including the concept of social old-age service system, the connotation of rural social endowment service system and the composition of rural social old-age service, and according to Maslow's five needs level theory, the rural elderly people are based on the theory of five needs. The group carries on the demand structure analysis. It also makes a simple study on the welfare diversification theory and the symbolic interaction theory related to the old-age service system, which is the foundation for further research and improvement of the rural social old-age service system in Shandong province. Secondly, taking Shandong as an example, the present rural social endowment service system is present. In the study of the status quo of the old-age problem in the rural areas of Shandong Province, in view of the status and characteristics of the aging of the population in Shandong Province, the phenomenon of "empty nest elderly", the present status of rural social endowment insurance, the new rural cooperative medical insurance status and the status of the social assistance for the elderly in rural areas are divided. Analysis, directly reflects the general situation of the elderly in rural areas of Shandong province. In the development and construction of the rural social old-age service system in Shandong Province, the research and summary of rural home care service, rural community pension service and institutional pension service are carried out respectively. After that, Ji'nan, Zibo, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, Tai'an City In the four rural areas of Zaozhuang, the visit and questionnaire survey are conducted to summarize the desire of the elderly in the rural areas. It is considered that living care, medical care and spiritual comfort are the most necessary social services for the elderly in rural areas. The old-age service, such as cultural and entertainment, is also needed by the elderly. At the same time, the Logit regression model is established to analyze whether the statistical results are significant and whether the needs of the elderly are objectively true. The results are that the age of the elderly, the health status of the elderly, the number of children and the average monthly income level are the main factors affecting the desire of the elderly in the rural areas. On the basis of the above research and analysis, this paper summarizes the restricting factors and existing problems in the development of the rural social old-age service system in Shandong province. Economic factors, educational factors, "empty nest elderly" factors and medical cost factors are the main factors restricting the development of the rural social old-age service system in Shandong province. The existing problems in the rural social security of Shandong province are enumerated in the aspects of the service for the aged and the service for the elderly. Finally, according to the basic ideas, the specific principles and the basic framework of the construction of the rural social endowment service system, four suggestions are put forward to improve the social old service system in the rural areas of Shandong Province: to increase the government and the society. The investment in the rural social old-age service system, strengthening the basic social support of the rural social old-age service system, making the rural social old-age service system on the legal road as soon as possible, and developing the service for the aged in the rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D422.6;D669.6

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