农民文化传统与马克思主义中国化早期实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 19:41

  本文选题：农民文化传统 + 马克思主义中国化　； 参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：马克思主义中国化一直是学术界研究的热点课题。近年来,围绕马克思主义中国化的过程、经验、启示、规律、理论成果、党的领导人物以及共产国际与马克思主义中国化的关系等方面,涌现出一大批精品和优秀之作。但是,现有成果的研究视域偏重于对过程、经验、规律等宏观层面的研究,微观领域的研究比较薄弱;偏重于对整个过程的研究,某个阶段的研究比较薄弱;偏重于探讨党及其领导人的贡献研究,人民群众所起作用的研究比较薄弱;偏重于政治、经济、社会等方面的研究,对党在思想文化领域内对中国传统文化的继承和发展的研究比较薄弱;偏重于阐释马克思主义与中国传统文化特别是儒家文化以及精英文化的结合,对马克思主义与农民文化传统结合的研究还比较薄弱。农民,在中国近代史上有着非同一般的地位和意义。近代中国是一个小农汪洋大海的国家,农民占据人口的绝大多数,几千年赖以生存的经济基础都是简单的农业生产方式。国家的政治结构是为维持封建的农业社会的模式而建立。在这样一个社会,农民是最主要的群体,他们在有限的生活圈子里按照世世代代不变的传统生存着,对他们来说,传统就是权威。所以,不理解中国的农村和农民,就不能从根本上理解中国的国情、历史和中国本身。有鉴于此,本文拟以农民文化传统和马克思主义中国化的互动关系为中心,考察近代农民文化传统的危机和对马克思主义的排斥,以及中国共产党成立后运用马克思主义改造农民文化传统的过程,从微观层面以农民文化传统的视角剖析马克思主义中国化的早期历史(1921-1937),全面展示革命意识渗入农村、马克思主义与农民生活实践相结合、中国共产党赢得农民认同的过程,探究其中的经验教训,为今天推进马克思主义中国化、加强农民的思想建设提供借鉴和启示。本文由导论、正文和结语三部分组成。导论是对研究意义、内容、思路、方法和创新之处的简要概括。正文是文章的主体部分,分为五章。结语是对文章做整体性的总结。全文主要观点有:第一章阐述近代中国的农村和农民文化传统在现实中的困惑。探究近代中国农民生存境况和农民数千年积淀下来的自发的文化传统,展现1840年以后农村的状况、农民的生存境遇,分析农民文化传统的生成条件和基本特征,还原社会激烈动荡对农民文化传统的冲击以及农民阶级的抗争。第二章论述马克思主义中国化初期农民对马克思主义的疏离和排斥。农民在尝试救国的努力失败后,他们选择的是固守传统,无所作为。当马克思主义以及革命思想在城市、在知识分子中间如火如荼传播之时,他们过着自给自足的与世隔绝的生活。由于中西方文化的差异性、农民长期封闭导致抱守残缺的心态、传统的思维方式和党的政策失误等因素影响,造成了农民对马克思主义理论的排斥、对中国革命运动的漠视、对中国共产党的疏离。第三章阐述马克思主义对农民文化传统的改造。中国共产党把工作中心转移到农村以后,抛弃了忽视农民的错误做法,正视农民的要求、农民的传统思想、农民的文化心理,在满足了农民的土地需求、灵活对待农民的迷信观念、鼓励农民的革命传统、加强农民思想教育等之后,农民的政治意识和革命意识倍增,农民成为红军队伍的主要来源、无产阶级最可靠的同盟军、根据地建设的主力军、抗战和解放战争的坚实依靠力量。第四章主要论证马克思主义和农民文化传统的融合互动及其机制和特点。农民的文化传统经马克思主义洗礼获得改造和提升,马克思主义理论在与农民文化传统结合中也获得了创新发展。这种融合是马克思主义开放性的本质、中华文化的优秀传统和马克思主义与农民文化传统相同相似等等共同作用的结果。第五章是从农民文化传统的视域总结马克思主义中国化早期实践的经验教训。从历史梳理中得出:马克思主义中国化是由中国共产党和广大人民群众共同推动的,农民是其中的重要力量;改造农民文化传统是马克思主义中国化的重要前提;正确对待马克思主义是马克思主义中国化的关键;坚持问题导向是实现马克思主义与中国农民文化传统融合的基本途径;对农民文化传统改造不彻底是马克思主义中国化遇挫的重要原因。结语部分阐述马克思主义与农民文化传统相结合的现实启示,提出运用马克思主义改造农民文化传统是一个长期的过程,是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的内在需要;促进马克思主义对农民文化传统的改造融合是协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的文化支撑,是构建社会主义核心价值观的精神资源。通过上述问题的解决,探寻马克思主义中国化早期的历史过程,展现其中的曲折性和复杂性,揭示马克思主义中国化在理论和实践层面的运行轨迹和内在规律,为今天的中国特色社会主义建设提供借鉴和启示。
[Abstract]:The Sinicization of Marx's doctrine has always been a hot topic in the academic circles. In recent years, a large number of fine and excellent works have emerged in the process of the Sinicization of Marx doctrine, experience, enlightenment, law, theoretical results, the party's leading figures and the relationship between the Communist International and the Sinicization of Marx doctrine. However, the research on the existing achievements The field of view focuses on the research on the macro level of process, experience, law and so on, and the research in the micro field is weak; the research on the whole process is rather weak; the research on the contribution of the party and its leaders is rather weak; the research on the role of the people is relatively weak; it emphasizes the political, economic and social aspects. The study of the party's research on the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture in the ideological and cultural field is relatively weak. It emphasizes the interpretation of the combination of Marx doctrine and Chinese traditional culture, especially the Confucian culture and elite culture, and is still relatively weak in the study of the combination of Marx doctrine and the cultural tradition of farmers. It has a different status and significance. Modern China is a country with small farmers and sea, farmers occupy the vast majority of the population, and the economic basis for thousands of years is simple agricultural production. The political structure of the state is to maintain the feudal model of the agricultural society. In such a society, the peasants are the most. The main groups, they live in a limited circle of life according to the unchanging traditions of generations and generations. For them, the tradition is the authority. Therefore, it is impossible to understand China's national conditions, history and China itself without understanding the rural and farmers of China. In view of this, this article is intended to be in the cultural tradition of farmers and in Marx's doctrine. The interaction of nationalism is the center, the crisis of the modern peasant cultural tradition and the exclusion of Marx's, and the process of the transformation of the peasant cultural tradition with Marx doctrine after the founding of the Communist Party of China, and the analysis of the early history of Marx's main meaning of China from the Perspective of farmers' cultural tradition from the micro level (1921-1937). It shows that the revolutionary consciousness has infiltrated into the countryside, the Marx doctrine and the peasant life practice, the process of winning the peasant identity by the Communist Party of China, exploring the experiences and lessons, and providing reference and inspiration for promoting the Chinese modernization of Marx doctrine and strengthening the ideological construction of the peasants. This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction is to the study A brief summary of meaning, content, thought, method and innovation. The main body of the text is the main part of the article. It is divided into five chapters. The conclusion is a summary of the overall character of the article. The main views of the full text are as follows: the first chapter expounds the confusion of the rural and peasant cultural tradition in modern China in reality and the exploration of the living situation of the peasants in modern China and the thousands of years in the peasants. The accumulation of spontaneous cultural tradition shows the situation of rural areas after the 1840, the living situation of farmers, the analysis of the conditions and basic characteristics of the generation of farmers' cultural tradition, the impact of the fierce social turbulence on the cultural tradition of the peasants and the resistance of the peasantry. The second chapter discusses the peasants to Marx in the early stage of the Marx doctrine in China. When the efforts of the peasants trying to save the country failed, the peasants chose to stick to the tradition and do nothing. When Marx and the revolutionary thought spread out in the middle of the intellectuals in the city, they lived a self-sufficient and isolated life. The farmers were closed for a long time because of the cultural differences between China and the West. In the third chapter, the third chapter describes the transformation of Marx's cultural tradition to the peasants. The third chapter describes the transformation of the cultural tradition of the peasants to the Chinese Communist Party. The Communist Party of China transferred the work center to agriculture. After the village, it abandoned the wrong way of neglecting the peasants, faced with the peasants' demands, the traditional ideas of the peasants, the peasants' cultural psychology, and the farmers' political consciousness and revolutionary consciousness, and the peasants became more and more aware of the farmers' land demand, the flexible treatment of the farmer's superstitious ideas, the encouragement of the peasants' revolutionary tradition and the strengthening of the peasants' ideological education. The main source of the Red Army, the most reliable Confederate army of the proletariat, the main force of the construction of the base area, the solid dependence of the war of resistance and liberation. The fourth chapter mainly demonstrates the integration and interaction of the Marx doctrine and the cultural tradition of the peasants and its mechanism and characteristics. The cultural tradition of the peasants has been reformed and promoted by the baptism of Marx doctrine. The integration of Kyth doctrine in the combination with the cultural tradition of farmers has also achieved innovative development. This integration is the essence of the openness of Marx doctrine, the excellent tradition of Chinese culture and the common effect of the same similarity between the Marx doctrine and the farmers' cultural tradition. The fifth chapter is the summary of Marx doctrine in the perspective of the cultural tradition of the peasants. The experience and lessons of the early practice of nationalism. From a historical review, it is concluded that the Sinicization of Marx doctrine is driven by the Communist Party of China and the masses of the people, and the peasants are an important force among them; the transformation of the cultural tradition of farmers is an important prerequisite for the Sinicization of Marx doctrine, and the correct treatment of Marx's doctrine is the key to the Sinicization of Marx. Key; insisting on problem orientation is the basic way to realize the integration of Marx's and Chinese farmers' cultural traditions; the unthorough transformation of the traditional peasant culture is the important reason for the setback of the Sinicization of Marx's doctrine. The concluding part expounds the actual revelation of the combination of Marx doctrine and the cultural tradition of farmers, and puts forward the transformation of farmers with Marx doctrine. The cultural tradition is a long-term process, which is the internal need to adhere to and develop the socialism with Chinese characteristics; to promote the transformation and integration of Marx's cultural tradition to the peasants is the cultural support for the coordinated promotion of "four comprehensive" strategic layout and the spiritual resources for building the core values of socialism. The early historical process of the Sinicization of Marx's doctrine reveals its zigzag and complexity, and reveals the running track and internal law of the Sinicization of Marx in theory and practice, and provides reference and inspiration for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics today.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D61
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本文编号：1961048