新加坡政治发展评析

发布时间：2018-06-01 06:21

本文选题：新加坡 + 人民行动党　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建政50余年来,新加坡在人民行动党的带领下发展出了一条符合自身国情的“新加坡式民主”之路。新加坡政治中宪政体制、政党政治、选举机制、法治、公民社会以及公民权利等民主元素共同构筑了新加坡民主的基石,建构了“新加坡式民主”的主体框架。“新加坡式民主”的构建和发展是一个渐进的过程,新加坡历代领导人为“新加坡式民主”注入了不同的内涵和特色。经济全球化和西方民主化浪潮的冲击是新加坡政治发展的外部动力因素。在新加坡政治发展的内部动力因素中,新加坡经济发展的客观要求是经济动力因素,“新加坡式民主”框架的确立与发展是政治动力因素,东西方文化融合的内在要求是文化动力因素,公民社会的兴起与民众民主参与意识的提高是社会动力因素,李光耀、吴作栋、李显龙等领导人对新加坡政治发展的推动则是个人动力因素。新加坡政治发展的各个动力因素的有机联系和相互作用构成了新加坡政治发展的动力机制。新加坡政治发展在实践中形成了持续性、渐进性、多元性、自主性和务实性的基本特征。东西方文化和制度的交融让新加坡在西方代议制民主的基础制度框架中融入了儒家精神的内核,衍生出了“新加坡式民主”的核心价值体系,主要包括:维系社会共同价值观、建设“君子”执政的“好政府”、政治经济社会发展循序互动以及“为人民服务”的群众民主。2015年大选对新加坡政治发展影响深远,人民行动党和反对党共同为新加坡孕育了良性的政党政治生态环境,新加坡的政党政治走向了成熟和稳健。这次大选展现了新加坡政治文化中的忧患意识、人才选拔与更新意识以及政治理性,同时也推动了新加坡政治制度化的进程。近年来,新加坡政治发展面临着多重挑战。政治稳定方面,西方民主化浪潮的冲击让“新加坡式民主”备受西方国家的指责,反对党政治实力的不断增强、中产阶级的日益壮大和公民社会的兴起为新加坡政治发展带来了更多的不稳定因素;政治人才的更新和选拔遭遇瓶颈,公务员薪金下调和严明的律法对政治人才提出了更高的要求,政治人才的分流趋势则导致政治人才的规模效应式微;政治体制方面,政治选举机制、民选总统制度以及最高领导人权力交接机制亟待变革和完善;政治效能方面,民众日益增长的多元化需求让人民行动党承受严峻的压力,反对党和官委议员政治能力的不足影响着政治效能的提升,好政府的持续性和制度化则是保持政治高效化的关键。
[Abstract]:In the past 50 years, under the leadership of the people's Action Party, Singapore has developed a "Singapore style democracy" which is in line with its own national conditions. The political constitutionalism system, political party politics, electoral mechanism, the rule of law, civil society and civil rights in Singapore have built the foundation of democracy in Singapore and constructed "Singapore". The construction and development of "Singapore style democracy" is a gradual process. The leaders of Singapore have injected different connotations and features for "Singapore style democracy". The impact of the wave of economic globalization and Western democratization is the external motive force of the political development of Singapore. Among the internal dynamic factors, the objective requirement of the economic development of Singapore is the economic dynamic factor. The establishment and development of the "Singapore style democracy" framework is the political power factor. The inherent requirement of the cultural integration of the East and the west is the cultural power factor. The rise of civil society and the improvement of the consciousness of the democratic participation of the people are the social dynamic factors, Li Guangyao The political development of Singapore's political development is the dynamic mechanism of Singapore's political development. The political development of Singapore has formed a continuous, gradual, pluralistic, autonomous and pragmatic approach in the practice of Singapore's political development, which is the motive force for the political development of Singapore. The organic links and interactions of the political development of Singapore's political development constitute the dynamic mechanism of the political development of Singapore. The integration of culture and system between East and west makes Singapore integrate into the core of Confucian spirit in the framework of western representative democracy and derives the core value system of "Singaporean democracy", which mainly includes: maintaining the common values of society, building a "good government" in power of the "gentleman", and political economy. The orderly interaction of social development and the mass democracy.2015 general election for "serving the people" had a profound influence on the political development of Singapore. The people's Action Party and the opposition party nurtured a benign political and ecological environment for the political party in Singapore, and the political party politics in Singapore became mature and robust. This election showed the political culture of Singapore. The consciousness of suffering, the selection and renewal of talent and the political rationality have also promoted the process of political institutionalization in Singapore. In recent years, the political development of Singapore has faced multiple challenges. In the political stability, the impact of the wave of Western democratization has made "Singapore style democracy" criticized by the western countries, and the opposition to the political strength of the party. The strengthening, the growing middle class and the rise of the civil society have brought more unstable factors for the political development of Singapore; the renewal and selection of political talents are bottlenecks, the downgrade of civil servants' salary and the strict law put forward higher demands for political talents, and the trend of political talent diversion leads to the scale of political talents. The political system, the political system, the political election mechanism, the elected presidential system and the transition mechanism of the supreme leader's power need to be changed and perfected. The political efficiency, the increasing demand for the people's growing diversity makes the people's action party bear severe pressure. The continuity and institutionalization of good government is the key to maintaining political efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D733.9

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