冷战后越南对外政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 03:00

本文选题：越南对外政策 + 东盟　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后,世界范围内国际形势发生了巨大的变化,两极格局的崩溃给越南造成了前所未有的冲击,尤其以苏联解体、东欧剧变对越南的影响为最甚。因此,自1986年实施“革新开放”以来,越南在风云变幻的国际局势中,一直采取大国平衡战略,左右逢源,以获取最大的国家和民族利益。在国内、外两种因素的直接或间接影响下,越南主动着手调整其对外战略和对外政策。在国际旧秩序未被完全打破,新的世界秩序尚未建立的交叉时期,越南的国家安全观有了巨大的变化,军事政治斗争不再是越南内政外交中最重要的侧重点,经济和社会的发展才是越南政府对外政策调整的最大战略目标。在经济全球化的今天,其国家核心利益观受到意识形态束缚的程度越来越小。努力促进经济的快速健康发展和国家经济实力的提升,依旧是越南在今后相当长时期内的重要选择。从地理版图、人口数量上看,越南只是一个区域性的中等国家。但是由于其特殊的地缘政治和所经历的历史境遇,加上国内外政策的外溢性,导致其对外交往过程中的政策行动,会对周边地区和国家关系产生影响。1998年东南亚金融危机之后,越南根据国内外政治经济形势,加大了对外政策的调整力度,更重要的是,越南政府把经济因素放到了对外政策的基础性位置,主动谋求融入国际社会,积极承办各类国际会议,向全世界展示越南的开放包容,大力改善投资环境,吸引外资,提高本国经济竞争力。中、美两国依然是越南对外政策调整中的重要因素,一个海陆邻国,一个超级大国,其一举一动,都牵动着地区地缘政治的敏感神经。中越双边复杂的交往历史,尤其是悬而未决的南海纷争,使得双边建立深层次的互信需要更长的时间和更多的智慧。美越走出了越南战争的阴影,使得两国关系逐步正常化,但是两国为了彼此的国家利益,不断相互利用,来平衡中国在亚洲乃至在全球的影响。本文通过对影响越南对外政策调整的国内、外因素,越南对外政策的起源,对外政策调整过程中所历经的机遇与挑战,以及越南如何采取相应措施克服困难继续保持经济增长态势,维护好同各国家的友好关系,逐步提升越南国际地位,增强国际影响力等的分析,总结越南对外政策转型调整中的经验和教训,并对其对外政策未来的走向做出预测和判断。未来,越南将继续以国家利益为核心,在加强与各大国和周边国家深入交流与合作的同时,继续实施大国平衡战略,增强综合国力,提升国际话语权,争取早日实现国家现代化。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, great changes have taken place in the international situation in the world, and the collapse of the bipolar pattern has caused an unprecedented impact on Vietnam, especially with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe have the greatest impact on Vietnam. Therefore, since the implementation of "innovation and opening" in 1986, Vietnam has been adopting the strategy of balance of great powers in the changing international situation in order to obtain the greatest national and national interests. At home, under the direct or indirect influence of two foreign factors, Vietnam took the initiative to adjust its foreign strategy and foreign policy. In the intersecting period when the old international order has not been completely broken and the new world order has not yet been established, Vietnam's national security concept has undergone tremendous changes. Military and political struggle is no longer the most important focus in Vietnam's internal and foreign affairs. The development of economy and society is the biggest strategic goal of foreign policy adjustment of Vietnamese government. In today's economic globalization, its core interests are bound by ideology. Efforts to promote rapid and healthy economic development and national economic strength are still important options for Vietnam for a long time to come. Geographically and demographically, Vietnam is only a regional middle-class country. However, due to its special geopolitical and historical circumstances, as well as the spillover of domestic and foreign policies, the policy actions in its foreign exchanges will have an impact on the relations between the surrounding regions and countries. After the financial crisis in Southeast Asia in 1998, According to the political and economic situation at home and abroad, Vietnam has stepped up the readjustment of its foreign policy. More importantly, the Vietnamese government has placed economic factors in the basic position of foreign policy and actively sought to integrate into the international community. We will actively host various international conferences to show the world Vietnam's openness and inclusiveness, vigorously improve the investment environment, attract foreign investment, and enhance our economic competitiveness. China and the United States are still important factors in the adjustment of Vietnam's foreign policy, and every move of a neighboring country, land and sea, and a superpower affects the sensitive nerve of regional geopolitics. The complex history of exchanges between China and Vietnam, especially the unresolved disputes in the South China Sea, has made it take longer and more wisdom to build deeper mutual trust between the two sides. The United States and Vietnam stepped out of the shadow of the Vietnam War and gradually normalized their relations, but the two countries used each other to balance China's influence in Asia and even in the world for the sake of each other's national interests. This paper analyzes the internal and external factors affecting the adjustment of Vietnam's foreign policy, the origin of Vietnam's foreign policy, and the opportunities and challenges experienced in the process of foreign policy adjustment. And an analysis of how Vietnam should take appropriate measures to overcome difficulties and continue to maintain economic growth, maintain friendly relations with various countries, gradually enhance Vietnam's international status and enhance its international influence. This paper summarizes the experiences and lessons in the transformation and adjustment of Vietnam's foreign policy, and forecasts and judges the future trend of its foreign policy. In the future, Vietnam will continue to take national interests as the core, while strengthening in-depth exchanges and cooperation with major countries and neighboring countries, and will continue to implement the strategy of balancing great powers, enhance comprehensive national strength, and enhance the right of international discourse. Strive to realize the modernization of the country at an early date.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D833.3

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