美国国家认同研究及对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:27

本文选题：国家认同 + 美国信念　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国不仅是一个种族复杂、族群众多的移民国家,也是世界上国家认同度最高的国家之一,在历史上形成了众多国家认同理论与方法,值得中国借鉴。另外,我国在国家认同教育方面虽然也积累了丰富经验,但存在着注重理论灌输,轻视内容渗透与实践等弊端。学习贯彻习近平总书记关于从"五个层次"推进国家认同的重要指示,有选择性地借鉴美国有效做法,从而提出系统性的对策建议,可以完善我国国家认同教育在具体实践层面上操作方法的不足,提高我国国家认同教育的实效性。以马克思主义辩证法为指导,多角度、多层次,结合历史与现实的对照展开对美国国家认同的研究。在理论研究层面,运用文献分析法,结合国外有关实证研究的数据与结论,明确了国家认同的概念,梳理了美国国家认同的历史阶段;在实践层面,注重联系我国实际,提出对我国国家认同教育的有益启示。主要研究成果和结论如下:首先,美国在长期的国家认同实践中形成了一个有效建构模式,本文将其概括为:以源于美国核心传统文化——"盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化"、代表着美国民主、自由平等的政治原则的"美国信念"为标准,建构价值认同;以公民教育为核心,培养美国国家认同的基础——公民意识,以政治性认同与文化性认同相结合的美国国家认同模式。其次,在美国国家认同模式的具体实施中,创造和形成了许多值得借鉴的方法:注重运用内置的、暗示的传播方式,掌握大众传媒渠道,重视学校的作用,专门设置"社会科",以隐蔽的、渗透性的、实践性的公民教育,提高了价值观传播和教育的实效性。最后,借鉴美国国家认同建构模式,认为中国应坚持以马克思主义为指导,立足于中华优秀传统文化,积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,加强和改进高校思想政治教育,并有选择性地吸收借鉴美国在价值观传播和公民教育的有效方法,建议如下:继续凝练"核心价值观",彰显中华优秀传统文化和社会主义本质要求,借鉴"美式传播",推进社会主义核心价值观大众化,运用互联网思维,创新传播渠道与载体,提高社会主义核心价值观的传播实效性;进一步完善课程体系,增强思想政治教育对其他课程的渗透,实现显性课程与隐性课程相结合,创新教学方法,提高实践性教学在思想政治教育理论课中的比例。国内学术界对美国国家认同的研究,分散在不同的领域,并且都从各自的着眼点对我国国家认同提出了启示,但还未形成在一定框架下系统的建议,特别是在实践层面,具体措施研究较少,缺乏可操作性。在整合相关学科的研究后,提出的系统建议及具体措施,补充了这一不足,具备一定的应用价值。由于作者的学术功底有限,论文缺乏一定的理论深度,只能作为基础的探讨。另外,限于只能通过查阅文献资料,进行间接研究,在时效性和全面性上略显不足。希望能够在今后的研究中对美国国家认同进行实地考察,进一步扩充资料,深化对美国国家认同问题的研究。
[Abstract]:The United States is not only an immigrant country with complex races and many ethnic groups, but also one of the countries with the highest national identity. In the history, many national identity theories and methods are formed, which are worthy of China's reference. In addition, our country has accumulated rich experience in the education of national identity, but there is a emphasis on instillation of theory and disregard of our country. Learning and carrying out the important directives of Xi Jinping General Secretary General on promoting national identity from "five levels", learning from the effective practice of the United States selectively, and putting forward systematic countermeasures and suggestions, which can improve the insufficiency of the operation method of national identity education in the concrete practice level and improve the national identity of our country. The effectiveness of education is guided by Marx's dialectics, multi angle and multi-level, combined with the comparison of history and reality to study the national identity of the United States. At the theoretical level, the concept of national identity is clarified and the national identity is combed by using the literature analysis method and combining the data and conclusions of foreign related empirical research. In the historical stage, at the practical level, we should pay attention to the reality of our country and put forward beneficial enlightenment to our country's national identity education. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: first, the United States has formed an effective construction model in the long-term national identity practice. This article generalizes it as "Anglo Saxon" from the core traditional culture of the United States. "Protestant Culture", which represents American democracy and the political principles of freedom and equality, "American belief" as the standard, constructs value identity, takes civic education as the core, fostering the foundation of the national identity of the United States -- the United States national identity model combining political identity with cultural identity. Secondly, in the United States national identity model. In the implementation of the body, many methods are created and formed. We should pay attention to the use of the built-in and implied communication methods, master the mass media channels, attach importance to the role of the school, set up the "social science", and improve the effectiveness of the dissemination of values and education by concealed, permeable and practical education. In the same construction mode, China should adhere to the guidance of Marx doctrine, based on the excellent traditional Chinese culture, actively cultivate and practice the socialist core values, strengthen and improve the ideological and political education in Colleges and universities, and selectively absorb the effective methods of reference to the communication of values and civic education in the United States. "Core values", highlight the essential requirements of China's excellent traditional culture and socialism, draw on the "American communication", promote the popularization of the socialist core values, use the Internet thinking, innovate communication channels and carriers, improve the communication effectiveness of the socialist core values, further improve the curriculum system, and strengthen ideological and political education to it The penetration of his curriculum, the combination of explicit and recessive courses, the innovation of teaching methods, and the improvement of the proportion of practical teaching in the theory of Ideological and political education. The research on national identity of the United States in the domestic academic circles is scattered in different fields, and all of them have given inspiration to our national identity from their respective points of view, but they have not yet been formed yet. In the framework of a certain framework, especially at the practical level, the specific measures are less studied and lack of operability. After the study of the relevant disciplines, the proposed system proposals and specific measures have been added to the deficiency and have certain application values. In addition, it is limited to an indirect study, which is limited to the effectiveness and comprehensiveness by means of consulting literature and information. I hope to make a field survey on American national identity in future research, further expand the data and deepen the research on the identity problems of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

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