岛国心理与英国对外政策

发布时间：2018-06-17 14:29

本文选题：岛国心理 + 对外政策　；参考：《外交学院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：英国的外交历来为学界所重视，其纵横捭阖、浑洒自如的外交才能，成熟的外交经验为世界各国所关注。对英国外交问题进行研究的学者很多，手段各异，结论多样，从不同侧面反映了英国外交的实际状况，也对英国外交的成败进行了不同解读。心理学在国际关系研究中经常出现，政治心理学甚至已经成为了一门比较成熟的学科。但在国际关系实际研究中，经常会出现学科区分不清，理论运用不当等问题。运用心理学的方法和手段研究国际关系，对丰富国际关系研究和学科交叉的有效运用有着重要的意义。对心理学方法在国际关系研究领域应用进行比较系统的梳理，应该是必要和及时的。心理学方法在国际关系研究中最常用的是社会认知，往往有意无意地忽视精神分析方法，而精神分析的理论基础在国际关系分析中是有其独特性的。精神分析理论认为，人类的早期经历会产生深刻心理痕迹，影响其以后的成长和发展。在国际交往过程中，历史积淀下来的民族心理也会影响一个国家对外政策和外交行为的选择，这在英国外交史上表现非常明显。地处西欧边陲的英国，因英吉利海峡和多佛尔海峡的阻隔，与欧洲大陆隔海相望。英国最初是与欧洲大陆连在一起的，第四纪冰川以后，随着大陆冰川融化和海平面的上升才逐渐和大陆分离，这在早期人类的心理上会产生一种脱离母体的恐惧。以后的罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人、维金人等的入侵行为及诺曼征服，对英国民众的心理影响是巨大的，固有的分离恐惧和长期被欺凌的历史，逐渐形成了独特的岛国心理。岛国心理的核心是恐惧心理和不安全感，这种心理一旦形成就会影响到英国的对外政策和行为。为消除恐惧，英国最初采取大陆扩张政策，，企图成为一个大陆国家。扩张失败后，又积极寻求其它办法来消除焦虑，一般有三种方法，即自强、依附和消融。这三种方法英国都进行了尝试，如建立世界大帝国，和美国建立特殊关系，与欧洲若即若离等。当前的英国外交，需要正视多年来历史积淀形成的岛国心理，继续发挥妥协经验和智慧，进行明确外交定位，处理好大国间关系，有效融入欧洲。
[Abstract]:British diplomacy has always been attached importance to by academic circles, its maneuvering, easy diplomatic skills, mature diplomatic experience is concerned by the world. There are many scholars studying British diplomacy with different means and various conclusions. It reflects the actual situation of British diplomacy from different aspects and makes different interpretations of the success or failure of British diplomacy. Psychology often appears in the study of international relations, and political psychology has even become a relatively mature subject. However, in the practical study of international relations, there are often some problems, such as unclear division of disciplines and improper application of theories and so on. It is of great significance to study international relations by using psychological methods and means to enrich the study of international relations and the effective application of interdisciplinary research. It is necessary and timely to systematize the application of psychological methods in the field of international relations research. Social cognition is the most commonly used method of psychology in the study of international relations, and the psychoanalysis method is often ignored intentionally or unintentionally. However, the theoretical basis of psychoanalysis is unique in international relations analysis. The theory of psychoanalysis holds that the early human experience will produce deep psychological traces and affect its future growth and development. In the process of international communication, the national psychology accumulated in history also affects the choice of a country's foreign policy and foreign behavior, which is very obvious in the history of British diplomacy. Located in western Europe, the United Kingdom, because of the English Channel and the Dover Channel, across the sea from the European continent. Britain was originally linked to the European continent, and after the Quaternary glacier, it was gradually separated from the continent as the continent melted and sea levels rose, which created a psychological fear of separation from the mother body in the early human mind. The later Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and so on invasion and Norman conquest, the psychological impact on the British people is great, inherent fear of separation and long history of bullying, gradually formed a unique island mentality. The core of island psychology is fear and insecurity, which, once formed, will influence British foreign policy and behavior. To quell fear, Britain initially adopted a continental expansion policy in an attempt to become a continental state. After the failure of expansion, we actively seek other ways to eliminate anxiety, generally there are three ways, namely self-strengthening, attachment and ablation. All three methods were tried, such as establishing a world empire, establishing a special relationship with the United States, and staying away from Europe. The current British diplomacy needs to face up to the island mentality formed by the historical accumulation over the years, continue to give play to the experience and wisdom of compromise, carry out a clear diplomatic orientation, handle the relations between the great powers, and effectively integrate into Europe.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D856.1

【参考文献】