传统政治文化中的消极因素对农民政治参与的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 22:52

本文选题：政治文化 + 传统政治文化　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治文化和政治参与作为现代政治发展的重要现象,是民主政治的重要组成部分。政治文化是政治参与的心理基础,政治参与是政治文化的外在表现。经过两千多年的封建专制制度而形成的传统政治文化,更是以一种无形的力量深深地扎根于农民的内心深处,影响着农民的政治参与。按照阿尔蒙德对政治文化的分类,我国传统政治文化属于臣民型政治文化,是一种带有依附色彩的政治文化类型。其中不乏有民本主义的思想、大一统的国家观、和谐的理念和爱国的集体主义等积极因素,对我国社会的发展具有重要的价值和意义。但更多的则是专制主义、王权主义、宗法观念、人治主义、中庸观念等消极因素至今仍然活跃着,并且某些习性和品格已内到农民的内心深处。传统的消极的历史文化因素和现代的积极的政治参与要求在现实的农村层面中产生了分歧与碰撞,必然会消解农民的政治参与意识,降低农民的政治参与能力,影响农民的政治参与行为。在一定程度上,遏制了农民政治参与的有序扩大,妨碍了我国农村民主政治的顺利发展,不利于现代民主政治的向前发展。我国是有着五千多年历史的文明古国,传统是我们宝贵的财富,抛弃传统,无视传统中的积极因素,既是对我们先人的不尊重,也是对我们子孙后代的不负责。因此对待我国传统政治文化的正确态度是取其精华去其糟粕:对于其中的积极因素,我们要加以继承和发扬;对于其中的消极因素,我们要加以克服和清除。针对当前传统政治文化中的消极因素,造成我国农民的政治参与意识薄弱,消极的政治参与心理,没有形成独立的政治参与情感和政治参与行为的不规范等现状,提出相对应的消解对策:通过摈弃传统等级观念、克服父家长制权威,提高农民的政治参与意识;通过破除臣民和冷漠的政治参与心理,树立农民积极的政治参与心理;通过摆脱“官本位”和“人治主义”的消极影响,增加农民独立的政治参与情感;通过加强农民组织化建设和完善政治参与制度体系,规范农民的政治参与行为。在一系列制度和措施强有力的保障之下,合理清除我国传统政治文化的消极因素,建成参与型的政治文化,将会有利于我国农民政治参与的积极发展,推动农村民主政治现代化,进而推动国家政治现代化发展。
[Abstract]:As an important phenomenon of modern political development, political culture and political participation are important components of democratic politics. Political culture is the psychological basis of political participation, and political participation is the external manifestation of political culture. After more than two thousand years of feudal autocratic system, the traditional political culture is deeply rooted in the deep heart of the peasants with a kind of invisible force, which affects the peasants' political participation. According to Almond's classification of political culture, Chinese traditional political culture belongs to the subject type of political culture and is a kind of political culture with attachment color. Among them, there are many positive factors, such as people-oriented thought, unified state view, harmonious idea and patriotic collectivism, which are of great value and significance to the development of our society. However, some negative factors, such as autocracy, Wang Quan doctrine, patriarchal concept, rule of man, mediocre and so on, are still active, and some habits and characters have been embedded in the hearts of peasants. The traditional negative historical and cultural factors and the modern positive political participation require the difference and collision in the realistic rural level, which will inevitably dispel the peasants' consciousness of political participation and reduce their ability to participate in politics. Influence farmer's political participation behavior. To a certain extent, it has restrained the orderly expansion of peasants' political participation, hindered the smooth development of our country's rural democratic politics, and is not conducive to the development of modern democratic politics. China is an ancient civilized country with a history of more than five thousand years. Tradition is our precious wealth. Abandoning tradition and ignoring the positive factors in tradition is not only disrespect to our forefathers but also irresponsible to our children and grandchildren. Therefore, the correct attitude towards Chinese traditional political culture is to take its essence away from its dross: to inherit and carry forward the positive factors, and to overcome and eliminate the negative factors. In view of the negative factors in the current traditional political culture, the peasants' consciousness of political participation is weak, the negative psychology of political participation, the lack of independent emotion of political participation and the non-standard behavior of political participation, etc. The corresponding countermeasures are put forward: to overcome the authority of the patriarchal system, to improve the peasants' consciousness of political participation, to establish the peasants' positive psychology of political participation by eliminating the political participation psychology of subjects and apathy, to overcome the traditional idea of hierarchy, to overcome the authority of the patriarchal system, and to raise the peasants' consciousness of political participation. By getting rid of the negative influence of "officialdom" and "rule of man", we can increase the peasants' independent political participation emotion, and standardize the peasants' political participation behavior by strengthening the farmers' organizational construction and perfecting the system of political participation. Under the strong guarantee of a series of systems and measures, reasonably eliminating the negative factors of our traditional political culture and establishing a participatory political culture will be conducive to the positive development of our country's peasants' political participation. Promote the modernization of rural democratic politics, and then promote the development of national political modernization.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D621.5

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