中东地区现代民族国家建构的历史进程及其问题分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 23:10

本文选题：中东 + 民族国家建构　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自一战后民族解放运动发生以来,中东国家不仅没有实现国家的稳定和发展,反而政治局势更加动荡,现代化发展止步不前。2014年,伊斯兰国的崛起,使全世界的目光再次聚焦中东。中东问题十分复杂。它交织着国内国外矛盾、政治发展矛盾、宗教矛盾和民族矛盾等。本文选择从民族国家建构的视角研究中东局势反复动荡的原因。首先,结合理论和历史,廓清民族国家概念的内涵,提出民族国家建构的一般形态,即在国家建设方面,建立稳固的主权国家,强化国家认同;在政治发展方面,实现民主转型;在经济方面,推动民族国家经济的发展,建立适合本国国情的市场经济制度;在社会层面,实现社会的分层化、平等化;在宗教方面,推动宗教改革,实现政教分离。其次,选择中东地区伊拉克、巴列维时代的伊朗和土耳其三个世俗国家进行研究。一方面借助文献回顾法,梳理三国的民族国家建构的历史,增强对三国民族国家建构历史进程的了解;另一方面借助案例研究法,对三个国家展开对比分析,剖析土耳其民族国家建构取得成功的原因。最后,从民族国家建构一般形态的五个层面入手,具体分析案例国家存在的问题,即始终未能消除宗教在世俗政治生活中的影响,始终未能建构一个对内至上、对外独立的现代民族国家共同体,始终未能形成有效的国家治理能力,进而导致了政教关系不清、部族和教派矛盾突出、国家认同缺失、国家治理能力低下、跨国极端宗教组织活动猖獗、民众政治参与非理性色彩浓厚、民众与世俗政权对立等问题。因此,应实现政教分离,推动政权的世俗化;化解部族、宗教和双泛主义的影响,强化国家认同;以民众满意为标准,强化国家的治理能力,合理满足民众的政治参与诉求;走具有本国特色的现代民族国家建构之路,推动经济、文化、政治的现代化。唯有此,才能实现中东局势的稳定。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of the post-World War I national liberation movement, countries in the Middle East have not only failed to achieve national stability and development, but have instead become more politically volatile and their modernization has stalled. In 2014, the rise of the Islamic State, Refocus the eyes of the world on the Middle East. The Middle East is a complex issue. It interweaves domestic and foreign contradictions, political development contradictions, religious contradictions and ethnic contradictions. This paper chooses to study the causes of repeated instability in the Middle East from the perspective of nation-state construction. First of all, combining theory and history, this paper clarifies the connotation of the concept of nation-state, and puts forward the general form of nation-state construction, that is, to establish a solid sovereign state and strengthen national identity in national construction, and to strengthen national identity in political development. To achieve democratic transformation; to promote the economic development of nation-state economies and to establish a market economy system suited to their national conditions; to achieve social stratification and equality at the social level; and to promote religious reform in the religious field, The separation of church and state is realized. Secondly, three secular countries, Iraq, Baleway and Turkey, were chosen to study. On the one hand, with the help of literature review, to sort out the history of the nation-state construction of the three countries, and to enhance the understanding of the historical process of the construction of the three nation-states; on the other hand, with the help of the case study, the author makes a comparative analysis of the three countries This paper analyzes the reasons for the success of the construction of the Turkish national state. Finally, starting from the five levels of nation-state construction of general form, the paper analyzes the problems existing in the case states, that is, the influence of religion in secular political life has not been eliminated, and the inner supremacy has never been constructed. The modern national community, which is independent from foreign countries, has never been able to form an effective national governance capacity, which has resulted in unclear relations between state and religion, prominent tribal and sectarian contradictions, lack of national identity, and low national governance capacity. Transnational extreme religious organization activities rampant, popular political participation irrationality color, people and secular regime opposition and other issues. Therefore, we should realize the separation of state and religion, promote the secularization of political power, dissolve the influence of clan, religion and bipanism, strengthen the national identity, strengthen the national governance ability and reasonably satisfy the political participation demands of the people. To promote the modernization of economy, culture and politics by taking the road of constructing a modern nation-state with national characteristics. Only in this way can we achieve stability in the Middle East.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.4

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