种姓制度对当代印度政治民主化进程的影响

发布时间：2018-06-27 03:48

本文选题：种姓制度 + 印度政治制度　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：种姓制度是一种特殊的文化现象,在世界范围内并不普遍,仅仅在南亚印度、斯里兰卡以及巴基斯坦等地区存在。其中最具代表性的就是印度的种姓制度。印度种姓制度已经持续发展了几千年,延续到至今则衍生出一系列社会问题。但是现阶段印度社会中,种姓与印度政治,种姓与政党,种姓与政治民主化,种姓与印度社会斗争等又都密不可分,影响到了印度社会的方方面面,对于印度政治起到了一定的积极与消极作用。印度政治体制虽然实现了议会民主,形成三权分立的格局,但一直以来司法体系与立法体系的弱化使得权力集中在行政系统,难以实现真的民主。民主政治在发展过程中需要来自各个阶层的声音,需要不同势力在利用平衡的过程中推动社会发展。而在印度社会中,不同阶层的声音主要来自不同种姓,种姓群体及其种姓政党、种姓协会在社会的影响力不断提升,推动了印度政治的民主化。随着种姓势力的崛起,印度政坛逐渐从一党独大发展到两级格局,再到当前的势力林立。进而在选举中政党单纯依靠背后的势力已经难以独善其身,种姓势力成为左右政局的关键因素,因此分析种姓制度对民主政治发展的影响十分关键。但无论种姓政党还是种姓协会,在政治民主化过程中起到何种作用,其毕竟都是奴隶社会产生,封建社会延续的陈旧制度,在当下社会强调开放、自由、平等的理念下格格不入。种姓制度作为印度民众最深恶痛绝的制度,其产生并非要与印度现代政治有任何瓜葛,只是延续到现今客观对民主政治化造成一定影响。因此我们对种姓制度应该理性看待,首先在尊重其在印度传统文化、宗教文化中的地位,其次需要在当下强调开放与民主的理念之下认清种姓制度淡化的趋势。印度也需要在不断的发展中逐渐通过制度与机制的完善打破种姓政治相对独立的格局,让种姓制度在政治民主化过程中尽可能发挥积极作用。本文在研究中是以的国际关系理论为基础,并结合社会学、政治学以及宗教相关理论,以印度种姓制度作为切入点,对种姓制度在印度民主政治发展中的影响进行研究。具体来看,本文首先从两个角度进行论述,对印度民主政治制度进行介绍,分析了其民主政治的基础和政治体系,并且介绍了种姓制对当下对印度民众的影响,最后将两个层面进行整合,讨论种姓制度对印度民主政治的影响,随后着重分析了种姓制度对印度政治的影响,并从积极影响和消极影响两个角度进行讨论。最后基于自身的理解分析种姓制度如何能够在印度政治民主化以及印度社会中发挥积极作用,尽可能消除歧视和不平等,为民主政治发展提供更好的基础环境。
[Abstract]:Caste system is a special cultural phenomenon, which is not common all over the world. It exists only in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan in South Asia. One of the most representative is the caste system in India. The caste system in India has been developing for thousands of years and has spawned a series of social problems. However, in the present stage of Indian society, caste is closely related to Indian politics, caste and political parties, caste and political democratization, caste and Indian social struggle, and has affected all aspects of Indian society. It played a positive and negative role in Indian politics. Although the Indian political system has realized the parliamentary democracy and formed the pattern of separation of three powers, the weakening of judicial and legislative system has made the power concentrated in the administrative system, so it is difficult to realize the true democracy. In the process of development, democratic politics needs voices from all walks of life and different forces to promote social development in the process of utilizing balance. In Indian society, the voices of different classes mainly come from different castes, caste groups and caste political parties, and the influence of caste associations in the society is increasing, which promotes the democratization of Indian politics. With the rise of caste power, Indian politics gradually developed from one party to two levels, and then to the current power. In the election, it is difficult for political parties to rely solely on the forces behind them. Caste forces have become the key factor to influence the political situation, so it is very important to analyze the influence of caste system on the development of democratic politics. However, whether the caste party or the caste association played any role in the process of political democratization, it was after all a legacy of slave society. The feudal society continued its old system, emphasizing openness and freedom in the present society. The idea of equality is out of place. Caste system, as one of the most abhorrent systems among the people of India, was not created to have any connection with modern Indian politics, but to the present day, it has exerted a certain influence on the politicization of democracy. Therefore, we should treat caste system rationally, first of all in respect of its position in Indian traditional culture and religious culture, and secondly, we should recognize the desalination trend of caste system under the concept of emphasizing openness and democracy. India also needs to break the relative independence of caste politics through the perfection of system and mechanism in order to make caste system play an active role in the process of political democratization. Based on the theory of international relations and combining with sociology, political science and religious theories, this paper studies the influence of caste system in the development of Indian democratic politics with the Indian caste system as the starting point. Specifically, this paper first discusses the Indian democratic political system from two angles, analyzes its democratic political foundation and political system, and introduces the current influence of caste system on the Indian people. Finally, the two levels are integrated to discuss the influence of caste system on Indian democratic politics, and then to analyze the influence of caste system on Indian politics, and to discuss it from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, it analyzes how caste system can play an active role in Indian political democratization and Indian society, eliminate discrimination and inequality as far as possible, and provide a better basic environment for the development of democratic politics.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D735.1

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