整体性社区构建：来自公益创投机制的启示

发布时间：2018-06-28 23:27

  本文选题：社区碎片化 + 公益创投　； 参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：马恩经典理论认为社会科学研究的重要任务不仅在于认识世界,探索事物发展的客观规律,更重要的是为了改造世界。未来社会发展的不确定性也总激发理论探索者在指导改造世界的同时,充满着对未来理想图景的思考。遵循此理念,笔者分为以下五部分展开全文：一是问题意识。主要围绕“国家权力介入基层社会共同体建构的可能”问题意识为核心,展开实证分析和学术对话。具体而言：为什么中国城市社区建设经过近30年的发展,社区居民自治水平和居民自治能力依然低下?导致社区居民自治空转的机制及其背后的逻辑是什么?如何破解中国城市社区居民自治空转现状,建构理想型的现代化基层社会生活共同体?换句话说,整体性治理理论预设高度组织化的社会下,通过整体性政府建立实现善治的可能。放置于中国时空下,笔者认为社会组织化水平与政府功能整合程度相互影响,两者存在同步进行趋势,并且社会组织化水平的第一推动力为公共行政部门。这项研究让我们可以解释在不同的文化背景下,社区结构与公共行政体制是如何影响了治理理论在中国不同的表现形式,有利于在理论上反思治理理论应用本士的适用和限度。二是纵向历史维度分析。放置于中国城市社区历史的变迁角度来看,主要划分为总体性社会下的社区建设和分化性社会下社区建设两个阶段。在前一个阶段,高度行政整合的社会几乎不存在社区居民自治体系发育的土壤。在后一个阶段,随着公域、私域、日常生活领域的分化,社区居民自治在政策制度体系初步确立。其背后转型的动力源宏观上主要有社会组织发展环境改善与社会职业群体分层、社会群体利益分化三个方面,微观上体现为以社区类型空问演变、流动人口社区分布以及特殊人群需求多元化等特征的社区分化。在此背景下,以政府为主导推动的社区建设,短时间内使社区硬件设施以及人员组织体系迅速得以完善,然而社区居民自治能力和自治水平依然较为低下。三是共时性比较分析。造成当下中国城市社区建设困境的主因归结为社区结构的碎片化和政府功能的分散化。社区碎片化是工业化推进过程中传统共同体瓦解的自然反应,而中国传统文化中公共理性精神的发育不良是社区碎片化难以进行自我疗伤的深层次逻辑。政府功能分散化是以功能性分工为原则的官僚科层体制自身的弊端造成,也是中国传统官僚政治文化触手在当下社会的延伸。其中,社区碎片化与政府功能碎片化(分散化)的关系并非单向度的因果关系,而是互为因果,相互影响。一方面碎片化的社区无力组织自我服务,只能依靠行政力量、行政资源与行政方式填补,另一方面功能分散化的政府分割了社区事务和公共服务,造成社区行政化与负担不断加重。四是社区整合实践反思。依据西方社区建设经验来看,组织整合是未来中国碎片化社区修补的方向,也是建设现代社会生活共同体的关键。在中国当下强国家-弱社会格局下,现代社会组织共同体的建构,需要以政府为主导力量的介入。源于欧美国家的公益创投活动,因能够迅速有效培育社会组织,促进社会管理创新,而备受我国地方政府推崇。公益创投有孵化器与项目孵化两种主要模式,前者依托实体孵化机构和场所,进行系统培育,后者依靠项目与技术支持,化居民需求创意为微型社团,实施微型自治。他们的共同点都在于能够通过组织培育,整合破碎化的社区,优化政府部门资源和权力输出方式,并有使政府及其执行机构、社会组织、社区组织等利益相关方在公共资源分配及享用过程中,形成良性互动、权责对等的关系。五是未来发展图景与理论提升。整体性社区与碎片化社区相对,是对未来城市社区发展的畅想,是不同类型的社会组织彼此依托、相辅相成,共同构筑起社区公共生活的完整空间,是政府部门、社区和社会组织三个治理主体间合作过程中,满足居民公共服务需求,实现自治能力提升的理想型社会生活共同体状态。通过对公益创投反思,结合整体性治理理论,笔者建构了社区治理“陀螺模型图”,它被赋予实现整体性社区的重任,主要内容包括公益服务项目整合机制、以平台发育与社会组织络整合机制、以社区自组织网络整合机制,以及三者之间相互支持与协助的整合网络机制。六是结论,即社区居民自治空转是社区碎片化和政府功能分散化相互叠加的结果,整体性社区是社区居民自治的理想图景,他的实现是政府主动介入社区社会组织和社会组织网络体系建构,同步推动政府部门功能整合的过程。
[Abstract]:The important task of the social science research is not only to know the world, to explore the objective law of the development of things, but also to transform the world. The uncertainty of the future social development will always inspire the theoretical explorers to remould the world and be full of thinking about the future ideal. The author is divided into the following five parts: one is the problem consciousness. The main focus is on the consciousness of "the possibility" of "state power intervening the basic social community construction" as the core, and carries out empirical analysis and academic dialogue. Specifically, why Chinese urban community construction has been developed for nearly 30 years, the level of community autonomy and the residents' Autonomy What is the mechanism and the logic behind the autonomy of community residents? How to solve the present situation of urban community residents' autonomy and construct an ideal modern community of social life in the grass-roots level? In other words, the holistic governance theory presupposes the establishment of a holistic government through a holistic government. The possibility of good governance is to achieve good governance. In China, the author believes that the level of social organization and the degree of integration of government functions interact with each other, and the two exist in the same trend, and the first driving force of the level of social organization is the public administration. This study allows us to explain the structure and public structure of the community under different cultural backgrounds. How the common administrative system affects the different forms of governance in China, and helps to reflect on the application and limitation of the application of the principal in the theory of governance. Two is the analysis of the vertical historical dimension. In the perspective of the change of Chinese urban community history, it is mainly divided into the community construction and the differentiated society under the general society. There are two stages of community construction. In the first stage, there is little soil for the development of community residents' autonomy in the highly administrative integration society. In the latter stage, with the division of public domain, private domain and daily life, community residents' autonomy in the policy system is initially established. The organizational development environment improvement and social professional group stratification, social group interests differentiation three aspects, the microcosmic embodiment is the community type empty question evolution, the mobile population community distribution and the special crowd demand diversity and so on characteristic community differentiation. In this background, the community construction which is driven by the government, makes the community hard in a short time. The facilities and personnel organization system have been rapidly improved, but the autonomy and autonomy of community residents are still relatively low. Three is the comparative analysis of synchronic. The main cause of the dilemma of urban community construction in China is the fragmentation of community structure and the decentralization of government functions. Community fragmentation is the process of industrialization The natural reaction of the disintegration of the traditional community, and the poor development of the public rational spirit in the traditional Chinese culture is the deep logic that the community fragmentation is difficult to self heal. The decentralization of government function is caused by the bureaucratic bureaucratic system of functional division of labor itself, and the traditional bureaucratic political culture of China. The relationship between the fragmentation of the community and the fragmentation of government function is not a one-way causality, but a cause and effect. On the one hand, the fragmented community is unable to organize self-service, which can only be filled by administrative power, administrative resources and administrative ways, on the other hand, the decentralization of government points. Community affairs and public services have been cut and the community administration and burden are aggravated. Four is the reflection of community integration practice. According to the experience of the western community construction, the organization integration is the direction of the future Chinese fragmented community repair and the key to the construction of the modern social life community. The construction of the social organization community needs the intervention of the government as the leading force. The public venture capital activities originating in the European and American countries are highly respected by the local governments of our country for the rapid and effective cultivation of social organizations and the promotion of social management innovation. The public venture capital has two main models of incubator and project hatching, the former relies on the entity incubator. The latter relies on projects and technical support, and the latter relies on the support of projects and technology, the creation of the residents' needs as micro societies, and the implementation of micro autonomy. Their common point is that they are able to cultivate, integrate broken communities through organizational cultivation, optimize government departments' resources and power output formula, and have the government and its executive agencies, social organizations, and communities. In the process of distribution and enjoyment of public resources, organizations and other stakeholders form a positive interaction, the relationship between power and responsibility. Five is the future development picture and theory promotion. The whole community and the fragmented community are relative to the future urban community development, and the different types of social organizations support each other, complement each other, and build a society together. The complete space of public life in the district is an ideal social life community state in which the government departments, the community and the social organizations cooperate with the three governance bodies to meet the needs of the residents' public service and achieve the promotion of autonomy. The author constructs the "gyro model of community governance" through the Reflection on the public service and the integration of the holistic governance theory. It is entrusted with the task of realizing the whole community. The main contents include the integration mechanism of public service projects, the integration mechanism of platform development and social organization, the integration mechanism of community self-organizing network, and the integrated network mechanism of mutual support and assistance between the three. Six is the conclusion that community residents' autonomy is the community debris. The whole community is the ideal picture of community residents' autonomy, and his realization is the process that the government actively intervenes in the construction of the network system of community organizations and social organizations, and synchronously promotes the function integration of the government departments.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.3
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本文编号：2079811