第三次中东战争前以色列的移民政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 17:03

本文选题：以色列国 + 移民　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以色列是一个年轻的移民国家,移民是以色列重要的国家资源。从1897年第一届犹太复国主义代表大会的召开到1948年以色列国建立,短短的半个世纪,犹太复国主义者便实现了其政治夙愿。在此期间,移民成为实现复国的重要途径,通过人口定居制造既成事实,辅之以外交手段。建国后,以色列面临的“生存”环境窘迫:一方面需要接纳超过20万的欧洲难民,另一方面则遭到周边阿拉伯国家的围攻,危及其生存。尽管如此,以色列政府基本沿用了伊休夫时期的移民管理方式,大规模吸收移民,开发农业定居点,通过人口分散策略维护国家主权。由于移民数量已超出以色列经济的承载能力,促使政府对移民政策作出了相应调整,重视发展农业,安置犹太移民。同时,基于移民的不同文化背景,政府采取促进犹太社会整合的同化政策。经过近20年的实践,第三次中东战争前的以色列移民政策形成鲜明的特点。通过立法方式,强调移民的犹太性,维护了以色列国家的犹太性。以色列宽松的政治环境也使移民政策常受制于政党政治,移民政策的进一步推行,反过来也加剧了以色列政治的分化。以色列的移民政策保障了移民的顺利安置,维护了以色列的国家主权,促进以色列的经济发展,为维护国家生存提供物质基础。
[Abstract]:Israel is a young immigrant country, immigrants are Israel's important national resources. From the opening of the first Congress of Zionism in 1897 to the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, the Zionists realized their long-cherished political aspirations in a short period of half a century. During this period, immigration became an important way to achieve national rehabilitation, making fait accompli through settlement, supplemented by diplomatic means. After the founding of the state, Israel was faced with a difficult "survival" environment: on the one hand, it needed to accept more than 200000 European refugees, on the other hand, it was besieged by neighboring Arab countries, endangering its survival. Nevertheless, the Israeli government basically adopted the immigration management of the Ishulf period, absorbed the immigrants in a large scale, developed agricultural settlements, and maintained state sovereignty through the strategy of population dispersion. Since the number of immigrants has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Israeli economy, the government has adjusted its immigration policy accordingly, paying attention to the development of agriculture and the settlement of Jewish immigrants. At the same time, based on the different cultural backgrounds of immigrants, the government adopted assimilation policy to promote the integration of Jewish society. After nearly 20 years of practice, the Israeli immigration policy before the third Middle East War formed distinct characteristics. By means of legislation, the Jewish character of immigrants was emphasized, and the Jewish character of Israel was preserved. Israel's loose political environment also makes the immigration policy often subject to party politics, and the further implementation of the immigration policy, in turn, exacerbates the division of Israeli politics. Israel's immigration policy ensures the smooth settlement of settlers, maintains Israel's national sovereignty, promotes Israel's economic development, and provides a material basis for the maintenance of national survival.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D738.2

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