太原市残疾人社会救助研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 14:42

【摘要】：我国残疾人有8500多万，涉及亲友达2.6亿人，是一个庞大的社会弱势群体，这一群体由于身体或者心理的缺陷而导致基本生活面临很多困难，收入低导致无法满足自身最基本的物质需求，使得残疾人在参与社会生活时面临着巨大的障碍。对残疾人进行社会救助，是一个国家经济发展水平与文明进步程度的重要标志。给予残疾人社会关爱，使残疾人享受同普通人一样的发展的权利，保证残疾人能够拥有安定的物质生活，扩展残疾人的精神文化生活，对于我国构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的现实意义。本文以太原市残疾人社会救助作为研究对象，对太原市残疾人就业、教育、生活等进行调查。太原市有残疾人20.5万人，占太原市总人口的20%，残疾人数量多，残疾人社会救助工作任务重。在就业方面，太原市有劳动能力的残疾人数为11.8万人，就业率为51.16%；教育培训方面，太原市有专门为残疾人提供律动室、图书室、功能训练室等教室以供残疾人活动，还设有残疾人培训创业基地，开设培训课程，太原市有5所特教学校和多个民办学校，累计培训学生7866人；康复方面，太原市积极推进开展社区康复工作，让残疾人在家门口就能享受到康复训练，配合开展多项康复医疗救助活动，旨在提高残疾人的康复率；开展扶贫项目，降低残疾人的贫困程度，保证残疾人的基本生活，给予残疾人法律援助，，提高残疾人的法律意识，同时促进残疾人法律政策的完善。在太原各级政府和残疾人组织的支持下，残疾人社会救助取得了成效，截止2014年，新增就业人数3000人，培训总人数增加了579人，培训完成率为151.7%。康复器械的使用率高，但康复医疗费用高，残疾人康复水平较低。深入研究后发现，太原市残疾人社会救助还存在着很多问题，残疾人自身观念有待提高，就业跟踪工作有待完善，残疾人救助的资金短缺，后续力量有待提高。国外典型国家残疾人社会救助有不同的特色，美国公助性模式以政府主导，财政支持力量大，全方位为残疾人提供救助；英国残疾人救助以统一和公平为特点，旨在全民享受同样待遇；德国高福利救助模式使残疾人无忧生活。借鉴国外先进经验，对于改进我国残疾人社会救助工作有积极作用。具体对策包括完善残疾人法制保障，为残疾人的合法权利提供法律支持；优化残疾人救助观念，以公平为先，发动社会力量关注残疾人群体；加大财政投入、吸纳社会资金，共同为残疾人救助提供资金保障。改进我国残疾人社会救助的不足之处，落实到太原市残疾人社会救助的具体问题上，才能使太原市残疾人的社会救助朝着更好的方向前进。
[Abstract]:There are more than 85 million disabled people in our country, involving 260 million relatives and friends. They are a huge social vulnerable group. This group faces many difficulties in basic life because of their physical or psychological defects. Low income leads to the inability to meet their most basic material needs, which makes the disabled face enormous obstacles in participating in social life. Social assistance to the disabled is an important symbol of a country's level of economic development and progress of civilization. Giving social care to persons with disabilities, enabling them to enjoy the same rights to development as ordinary people, ensuring a stable material life for persons with disabilities, and expanding the spiritual and cultural life of persons with disabilities, It is of great practical significance to build a harmonious socialist society in our country. This paper investigates the employment, education and life of the disabled in Taiyuan. Taiyuan has 205000 disabled people, accounting for 20% of the total population of Taiyuan. In terms of employment, the number of people with disabilities who have the ability to work in Taiyuan is 118000, and the employment rate is 51.16.The City of Taiyuan has special classrooms for the disabled in terms of education and training, such as rhythm rooms, library rooms, functional training rooms, and so on. There are also training bases for persons with disabilities and training courses. Taiyuan has five special education schools and a number of private schools, with a total of 7866 students trained. In rehabilitation, Taiyuan actively promotes community rehabilitation. To enable disabled people to enjoy rehabilitation training in front of their homes, to cooperate with a number of rehabilitation medical assistance activities aimed at increasing the rate of rehabilitation of disabled persons, to carry out poverty alleviation projects to reduce the poverty level of disabled persons and to ensure their basic livelihood. Give legal aid to the disabled, raise the legal awareness of the disabled, and promote the improvement of the legal policy for the disabled. With the support of Taiyuan government at all levels and disabled organizations, social assistance for the disabled has achieved results. By 2014, 3000 new employees had been employed, the total number of training personnel had increased by 579, and the training completion rate was 151.7%. The utilization rate of rehabilitation equipment is high, but the cost of rehabilitation medical treatment is high, and the rehabilitation level of disabled persons is lower. After in-depth study, it is found that there are still many problems in social assistance for the disabled in Taiyuan. The concept of disabled people needs to be improved, the work of employment tracking needs to be improved, the fund for disabled assistance is short, and the follow-up force needs to be improved. There are different characteristics of social assistance for disabled people in typical foreign countries. The mode of public aid in the United States is led by the government, with great financial support, and it provides assistance to persons with disabilities in all directions, while the assistance for disabled people in the United Kingdom is characterized by unity and fairness. Aim to enjoy the same treatment for all; Germany's high-welfare aid model makes the disabled carefree. Drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries, it has a positive effect on improving the social assistance for the disabled in our country. The specific countermeasures include perfecting the legal protection of the disabled, providing legal support for the legal rights of the disabled; optimizing the concept of relief for the disabled, taking equity as the first step, mobilizing social forces to pay attention to the disabled groups; increasing financial investment and absorbing social funds. Jointly provide financial support for disabled people's assistance. Only by improving the inadequacies of social assistance for the disabled in our country can we make the social assistance of the disabled in Taiyuan move towards a better direction by implementing the specific problems of the social assistance for the disabled in Taiyuan.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.69

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