极端主义组织与认同政治的建构

发布时间：2018-07-26 21:03

【摘要】：暴力极端主义意识形态的宣传和叙事是以认同政治为目标的。西方学术界传统上"自下而上"、以个体激进化为视角的极端化研究模型,忽视了极端主义意识形态的巨大影响和极端组织的能动性,更未能透视极端化对群体关系和国际安全造成的重大威胁。因此,需要建构一种"自上而下"的极端化研究模型,梳理极端主义组织以意识形态的宣传和叙事为手段,进行认同建构和实施认同政治的脉络和机理。它包括三个紧密联系同时又闭合循环的过程:一是群体认同边界的明晰和强化。这种自我认同是单一和封闭的,同时,内群体偏好的极端导向,从认同上塑造了自我与他者的敌对关系。二是以创伤和危机增强内群体认同及对外群体的仇视。通过对历史创伤和现实危机的建构,这种认同政治强化了他者的威胁、群体命运的不确定性和传统崩塌的焦虑。三是以暴力为报复手段的解决方案建构。极端主义组织的认同政治通过对创伤、威胁和传统崩塌等塑造的仇恨、焦虑和恐慌,最终引向对外群体的暴力。这也完成了认同政治的首次循环。在当前打击暴力极端主义的斗争中,应警惕其认同政治的巨大威胁和现实挑战,探索有针对性的政策和行动。
[Abstract]:The propaganda and narrative of violent extremist ideology aim at identity politics. The western academic circles have traditionally "bottom-up", an extreme research model based on the perspective of individual radicalization, ignoring the enormous influence of extremist ideology and the initiative of extremist organizations. It also failed to examine the major threats to group relations and international security posed by extremism. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a "top-down" extreme research model and comb out the context and mechanism of identity construction and implementation of identity politics by means of ideological propaganda and narrative. It consists of three processes: one is the clarity and strengthening of the boundary of group identity. At the same time, the extreme orientation of inner group preference has shaped the hostile relationship between self and other. The other is to strengthen the identity of internal groups and hatred of foreign groups with trauma and crisis. Through the construction of historical trauma and realistic crisis, this kind of identity politics strengthens the threat of others, the uncertainty of group destiny and the anxiety of traditional collapse. Third, the solution to violence as a means of revenge. Identity politics of extremist groups leads to violence in the foreign community through hatred, anxiety, and panic shaped by trauma, threats, and the collapse of traditions. This also completes the first cycle of identity politics. In the current struggle against violent extremism, we should be alert to the enormous threat and realistic challenges of identity politics, and explore targeted policies and actions.
【作者单位】：兰州大学管理学院、中亚研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金西部项目“新疆长治久安视域下丝绸之路经济带核心区建设研究”(项目编号:15XZZ006);国家社科基金重点项目“涉疆反恐形势、机制与对策研究”(项目编号:15AZD018) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“近年新疆稳定形势及发展趋势研究”(项目编号:15LZUJBWZY109)的研究成果
【分类号】：D815.5

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