大庆市养老方式的调查及医养康复模式的探索
发布时间：2018-08-19 11:04
【摘要】：目的本研究以大庆市养老方式为主题,探讨大庆市老龄化现状及发展,分析各种养老方式的现状、影响因素和存在的问题,并为解决这些问题提出具有建设性的建议。方法采用随机抽样的方法对大庆市老年人进行养老服务需求状况及其影响因素的问卷调查。共发放调查问卷400份,回收392份,对回收的问卷运用统计方法分析大庆老年人对基本物质生活服务、医疗保健服务和精神文化服务的需求状况,并采用卡方统计学方法分析其影响因素。另外选取了居家养老老年人200名;养老机构中抽取机构养老老年人200名;机构负责人5名;机构内医疗工作者20名;照护人员20名;政府官员2名分别进行访谈。结果1.大庆市“空巢老人”总共有90538人,占大庆市60岁以上老年人口总数的21.7%,大约70%的空巢老人缺少家人的照料。2.一般特征:男性为52.3%(205/392),女性为48.4%(187/392);60~、70~、≥80年龄组人数分别为总调查人数的48.5%(190/392)、36.7%(144/392)、14.8%(58/392);初中文化程度占比重最大,为59.2%(232/392);按职业工人和公务员及事业单位居多,占33.4%(131/392)和35.2%(138/392);所调查老年人慢性病患病率高达56.6%(222/392)。3.老年人对医疗服务需求的程度最高,为48.2%(189/392),文化娱乐服务需求为37.5%(147/392),可以满足基本物质生活服务需求程度较低,只占14.3%(56/392)。4.对不同年龄的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=52.809,P0.05),60-70岁的老年人以自我养老为主,70-80岁的老年人以家庭养老为主,80岁以上的老年人以社会养老为主。5.对不同健康状况的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=179.289,P0.05)。健康较好的以自我养老为主。6.对有无子女的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=141.581,P0.05)有子女的老年人以家庭养老为主,无子女的老年人以自我养老为主。7.对有无配偶的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=103.732,P0.05)有配偶的老年人以自我养老为主,无配偶的老年人以社会养老为主。8.对不同文化程度的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=117.241,P0.05),文化程度为小学的老年人以社会养老为主;文化程度为初中的老年人以家庭养老为主,文化程度为高中及以上的老年人以自我养老为主。9.对不同职业的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=137.993,P0.05)。10.对不同收入水平的老年人养老方式进行卡方检验存在差异(x2=136.433,P0.05)。收入高的老年人选择社会养老,希望入住条件好的养老机构。结论1.大庆市进入老龄化阶段,养老机构容纳能力有限、服务水平不高的问题愈发凸显。2.健康状况在养老方式选择方面具有显著性差异,年龄大、健康状况差的老年人选择社会养老方式的比例更高,而丧偶、子女较少的老年人也更倾向于选择社会养老方式。老年人的收入水平、婚姻状况、受教育程度对于老年人各种养老方式选择的影响最为显著而强烈。3.探索医养康复结合模式的新型养老方式,并提出适合大庆市医养康复结合养老模式的运行方式。在此基础上,以大庆市作为实证地区进行研究,设计适合大庆市实际情况的医养康复结合养老服务模式。最后提出了政策建议及探讨了相关问题,力图为政策设计提供参考。
[Abstract]:Objective To explore the present situation and development of the aged in Daqing, analyze the present situation, influencing factors and existing problems of various old-age care modes, and put forward constructive suggestions to solve these problems. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out and 392 were collected. Statistical methods were used to analyze the demands of Daqing elderly people for basic material life services, medical care services and spiritual and cultural services, and Chi-square statistical method was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results 1. There were 90 538 empty nesters in Daqing, accounting for 21.7% of the total population over 60 years old, and about 70% of the empty nesters lacked family members. General characteristics: 52.3% (205/392) for men and 48.4% (187/392) for women; 48.5% (190/392), 36.7% (144/392) and 14.8% (58/392) for 60-, 70-, and over 80-year-old groups, respectively; the highest proportion of junior high school education was 59.2% (232/392); 33.4% (131/392) and 35.2% (138.2%) for professional workers and civil servants and institutions. The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly was as high as 56.6% (222/392). 3. The elderly had the highest demand for medical services, which was 48.2% (189/392) and 37.5% (147/392) for cultural and entertainment services. The demand for basic material life services was relatively low, accounting for only 14.3% (56/392). The results showed that there were significant differences (x2 = 52.809, P 0.05). The elderly aged 60-70 were mainly self-supporting, the elderly aged 70-80 were mainly family-supporting, and the elderly over 80 were mainly social-supporting. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without children (x2 = 141.581, P 0.05). Family support was the main way for the elderly with children, while self support was the main way for the elderly without children.7. Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without spouses (x2 = 103.732, P 0.05). Chi-square test showed that the elderly with different educational levels were different (x2 = 117.241, P 0.05). The elderly with primary school education were mainly in social support; the elderly with junior middle school education were mainly in family support, and those with high school education and above were mainly in education. Chi-square test showed that there were differences in different occupations (x2 = 137.993, P 0.05). There were differences in Chi-square test between different income levels of the elderly (x2 = 136.433, P 0.05). As the city enters the aging stage, the problem of the limited capacity of the old-age institutions and the low level of service is becoming more and more prominent. 2. There is a significant difference in the choice of the old-age pension mode between the elderly with older age and poor health. The proportion of the elderly who choose the social old-age pension mode is higher, while the elderly with fewer children are more inclined to choose the community. The income level, marital status and education level of the elderly have the most significant and strong influence on the choice of various old-age care modes. 3. Explore the new mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation, and put forward the operation mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation in Daqing. Finally, policy suggestions and related issues are put forward to provide reference for policy design.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
本文编号：2191472
[Abstract]:Objective To explore the present situation and development of the aged in Daqing, analyze the present situation, influencing factors and existing problems of various old-age care modes, and put forward constructive suggestions to solve these problems. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out and 392 were collected. Statistical methods were used to analyze the demands of Daqing elderly people for basic material life services, medical care services and spiritual and cultural services, and Chi-square statistical method was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results 1. There were 90 538 empty nesters in Daqing, accounting for 21.7% of the total population over 60 years old, and about 70% of the empty nesters lacked family members. General characteristics: 52.3% (205/392) for men and 48.4% (187/392) for women; 48.5% (190/392), 36.7% (144/392) and 14.8% (58/392) for 60-, 70-, and over 80-year-old groups, respectively; the highest proportion of junior high school education was 59.2% (232/392); 33.4% (131/392) and 35.2% (138.2%) for professional workers and civil servants and institutions. The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly was as high as 56.6% (222/392). 3. The elderly had the highest demand for medical services, which was 48.2% (189/392) and 37.5% (147/392) for cultural and entertainment services. The demand for basic material life services was relatively low, accounting for only 14.3% (56/392). The results showed that there were significant differences (x2 = 52.809, P 0.05). The elderly aged 60-70 were mainly self-supporting, the elderly aged 70-80 were mainly family-supporting, and the elderly over 80 were mainly social-supporting. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without children (x2 = 141.581, P 0.05). Family support was the main way for the elderly with children, while self support was the main way for the elderly without children.7. Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without spouses (x2 = 103.732, P 0.05). Chi-square test showed that the elderly with different educational levels were different (x2 = 117.241, P 0.05). The elderly with primary school education were mainly in social support; the elderly with junior middle school education were mainly in family support, and those with high school education and above were mainly in education. Chi-square test showed that there were differences in different occupations (x2 = 137.993, P 0.05). There were differences in Chi-square test between different income levels of the elderly (x2 = 136.433, P 0.05). As the city enters the aging stage, the problem of the limited capacity of the old-age institutions and the low level of service is becoming more and more prominent. 2. There is a significant difference in the choice of the old-age pension mode between the elderly with older age and poor health. The proportion of the elderly who choose the social old-age pension mode is higher, while the elderly with fewer children are more inclined to choose the community. The income level, marital status and education level of the elderly have the most significant and strong influence on the choice of various old-age care modes. 3. Explore the new mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation, and put forward the operation mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation in Daqing. Finally, policy suggestions and related issues are put forward to provide reference for policy design.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
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