金融危机以来英国工党的变革研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 15:48
【摘要】：英国是现代政党政治的发源地,对政党的产生与发展有着相当深远的影响。而工党作为英国主流政党之一,从1900年成立至今,已经走过百余年的政坛沉浮历程。在这百余年的发展进程中,工党不断根据时代的变化调整自身的理论和策略,这些调整和变革对其不断发展壮大产生了重大的影响。然而,随着2008年全球金融危机的爆发及不断蔓延,国内民众在谴责资本主义的自由主义政策的同时,也开始逐渐质疑工党的改革方向。再加上2010年工党在国内大选中的失利,进一步促使其对自身进行深刻反思和变革。所以,面对同样步入改革深水期的中国来说,深入了解和分析英国工党在金融危机以来所进行的调整和变革,可以从侧面为中国特色社会主义建设提供一些借鉴和警示。因此,本文主要以金融危机以来英国工党所进行的一系列政治理念和政策主张的调整和变革为研究对象,运用文献分析与归纳演绎的方法,在对工党的产生、发展及其变革所面临的国内外挑战进行简要概述后,着重从政治理念、经济主张、与工会关系及对欧策略等方面对工党的具体变革内容进行了详细的阐述,并指出这一阶段的变革具有思想上逐渐向“左”回调、政策主张缺乏连贯性的特点。在此基础上,对工党变革的具体主张进行了评价,指出工党的变革在一定程度上使其选民支持率略有提升,基层力量实现大幅增长,与工会关系也逐渐趋向回暖。但总的来说,工党在2015年国内大选中的惨败及其后的一些地方选举中的表现预示了它的变革并没有达到其预期的效果,相反还存在很多问题,如缺乏系统性和建设性的理论创新,政策主张薄弱性凸显,工党党内分歧严重,从而导致其变革存在一定的不确定性。所以在最后,文章围绕英国工党在变革中取得的成效与存在的问题,指出中国共产党在带领全国人民进行中国特色社会主义现代化建设的过程中,应该吸取英国工党变革的经验和教训,与时俱进推进党的思想理论建设,合理准确地确定党自身的定位,大力加强党内凝聚力,努力协调好稳固阶级基础和扩大社会基础的关系以及充分发挥基层组织和党员的作用。
[Abstract]:Britain is the birthplace of modern party politics, which has a profound influence on the emergence and development of political parties. The Labour Party, as one of the mainstream political parties in Britain, has gone through more than 100 years of ups and downs since its founding in 1900. In the development process of more than one hundred years, the Labor Party constantly adjusts its theory and strategy according to the changes of the times, and these adjustments and changes have a great influence on its continuous development and growth. However, with the outbreak and spread of the global financial crisis in 2008, people at home, while denouncing the liberal policies of capitalism, began to question the direction of the Labour Party's reform. Combined with the defeat of the Labour Party in the domestic elections in 2010, it further urged it to deeply reflect and reform itself. Therefore, in the face of the same deep-water period of reform in China, in-depth understanding and analysis of the British Labor Party in the financial crisis since the adjustment and change, can provide some reference and warning for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the adjustment and transformation of a series of political ideas and policies advocated by the British Labor Party since the financial crisis, and applies the methods of literature analysis and induction to produce the Labour Party. After a brief overview of the domestic and foreign challenges to the development and its transformation, this paper expounds in detail the specific reform contents of the Labor Party from the aspects of political ideas, economic claims, relations with trade unions and strategies towards Europe, etc. It also points out that the reform in this stage has the characteristics of gradual ideological callback to the "left" and lack of consistency in the policy proposition. On this basis, the author evaluates the concrete proposition of the Labour Party's reform, and points out that the Labour Party's reform has to a certain extent increased its voter support slightly, the grass-roots forces have achieved a substantial increase, and the relations with the labor union have gradually tended to warm up. But overall, Labour's fiasco in the domestic general election in 2015 and in some local elections that followed heralded that its changes were not as effective as they had been, but that there were still many problems. For example, the lack of systematic and constructive theoretical innovation, the weakness of the policy proposition and the serious inner-party differences of the Labour Party lead to the uncertainty of its transformation. Therefore, in the end, the article points out that the Communist Party of China is leading the whole country in the process of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the achievements and problems of the British Labour Party in the process of reform. We should absorb the experience and lessons of the reform of the British Labor Party, advance with the times the Party's ideological and theoretical construction, reasonably and accurately determine the position of the Party itself, and vigorously strengthen the cohesion of the Party. Efforts should be made to coordinate the relationship between strengthening the class foundation and expanding the social base and to give full play to the role of grass-roots organizations and party members.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1
本文编号：2248378
[Abstract]:Britain is the birthplace of modern party politics, which has a profound influence on the emergence and development of political parties. The Labour Party, as one of the mainstream political parties in Britain, has gone through more than 100 years of ups and downs since its founding in 1900. In the development process of more than one hundred years, the Labor Party constantly adjusts its theory and strategy according to the changes of the times, and these adjustments and changes have a great influence on its continuous development and growth. However, with the outbreak and spread of the global financial crisis in 2008, people at home, while denouncing the liberal policies of capitalism, began to question the direction of the Labour Party's reform. Combined with the defeat of the Labour Party in the domestic elections in 2010, it further urged it to deeply reflect and reform itself. Therefore, in the face of the same deep-water period of reform in China, in-depth understanding and analysis of the British Labor Party in the financial crisis since the adjustment and change, can provide some reference and warning for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, this paper focuses on the adjustment and transformation of a series of political ideas and policies advocated by the British Labor Party since the financial crisis, and applies the methods of literature analysis and induction to produce the Labour Party. After a brief overview of the domestic and foreign challenges to the development and its transformation, this paper expounds in detail the specific reform contents of the Labor Party from the aspects of political ideas, economic claims, relations with trade unions and strategies towards Europe, etc. It also points out that the reform in this stage has the characteristics of gradual ideological callback to the "left" and lack of consistency in the policy proposition. On this basis, the author evaluates the concrete proposition of the Labour Party's reform, and points out that the Labour Party's reform has to a certain extent increased its voter support slightly, the grass-roots forces have achieved a substantial increase, and the relations with the labor union have gradually tended to warm up. But overall, Labour's fiasco in the domestic general election in 2015 and in some local elections that followed heralded that its changes were not as effective as they had been, but that there were still many problems. For example, the lack of systematic and constructive theoretical innovation, the weakness of the policy proposition and the serious inner-party differences of the Labour Party lead to the uncertainty of its transformation. Therefore, in the end, the article points out that the Communist Party of China is leading the whole country in the process of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the achievements and problems of the British Labour Party in the process of reform. We should absorb the experience and lessons of the reform of the British Labor Party, advance with the times the Party's ideological and theoretical construction, reasonably and accurately determine the position of the Party itself, and vigorously strengthen the cohesion of the Party. Efforts should be made to coordinate the relationship between strengthening the class foundation and expanding the social base and to give full play to the role of grass-roots organizations and party members.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1
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