叙利亚冲突中的伊朗因素

发布时间：2018-10-16 21:54

【摘要】：叙利亚冲突已持续四年之久,一度岌岌可危的巴沙尔政府出人意料地扭转了不利局面：军事上,赢得了多场关键战役,收复了大部分失地；政治上,以绝对优势赢得了2014年总统大选。巴沙尔政府之所以能够存活至今,除了叙利亚国内各种因素使然,在外部因素中,伊朗的作用不可小觑。本篇论文拟就伊朗介入叙利亚危机的政策进行分析。第一章介绍了叙利亚国家概况。不管从国土面积还是人口规模上讲,叙利亚都不是一个大国,但其所处的地理位置和领导人的杰出才能使得叙利亚在中东事务中发挥着不可或缺的作用；第二章概述了叙利亚危机的进展。叙利亚危机爆发后,得到西方和逊尼派势力资助的反政府武装气势如虹,一度控制了叙利亚大部分地区甚至多次围攻首都大马士革。在危难之际,巴沙尔得到了伊朗的有效援助,很快改变被动局面,不仅获得几次关键战役的胜利,还以压倒性优势赢得2014总统大选；第三章简述了伊朗力挺叙利亚政府的原因。不管是从历史和宗教角度考虑,还是从目前伊朗核问题的角度考虑,伊朗支持叙利亚是符合其国家利益的,是完全必要的；第四章阐述了伊朗介入叙利亚冲突的具体措施。伊朗在政治上积极寻求和平解决冲突的办法,军事上向叙政府提供军事武器,甚至直接派出伊朗军人参战,外交上反对西方军事干预,使得西方不敢轻易武力打击叙政府；第五章评析了伊朗介入叙利亚冲突的利弊影响。伊朗的援助暂时保住了叙利亚政府,稳固了伊朗在中东地区的什叶派势力。但同时也带来了许多不利影响,因为支持叙利亚政府,伊朗恶化了同周边国家的关系,甚至与盟友哈马斯分道扬镳,而西方更严重的制裁使得伊朗的处境更为艰难。
[Abstract]:After four years of conflict in Syria, the once-precarious Bashar government has unexpectedly reversed the situation: militarily, winning key battles and recovering most of the lost territory; and politically, The 2014 presidential election was won by an overwhelming margin. Apart from domestic factors, Iran plays an important role in the outside world. This paper intends to analyze the policy of Iran's involvement in the Syrian crisis. The first chapter introduces the general situation of Syria. Syria is not a big country in terms of size of land or population, but its geographical position and outstanding ability of leaders make Syria play an indispensable role in Middle East affairs. The second chapter outlines the progress of the Syrian crisis. After the crisis broke out, the rebels, funded by Western and Sunni forces, once controlled much of Syria and even repeatedly besieged the capital, Damascus. In the midst of crisis, Bashar received effective assistance from Iran, quickly changed the passive situation, not only won several key battles, but also won the 2014 presidential election by an overwhelming margin. Chapter III outlines the reasons for Iran's support for the Syrian government. Whether from a historical and religious perspective or from the current Iranian nuclear issue, Iran's support for Syria is in its national interest and is absolutely necessary; chapter IV sets out specific measures for Iran's involvement in the Syrian conflict. Iran actively sought a peaceful solution to the conflict in politics, provided military weapons to the Syrian government militarily, even sent Iranian soldiers directly to participate in the war, and diplomatic opposition to Western military intervention, so that the West did not dare to attack the Syrian government by force. The fifth chapter analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Iran's intervention in the Syrian conflict. Iran's aid has temporarily preserved the Syrian government and consolidated Iran's Shia presence in the Middle East. But it has also had a number of negative effects, as Iran's support for the Syrian government has worsened relations with neighboring countries and even parted ways with its ally, Hamas, which has been made more difficult by more severe Western sanctions.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D815.4

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