章太炎“联省自治”思想研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 18:25
【摘要】：针对20世纪初民国军阀割据、连年内战,国家陷入混乱无序状态的时局,章太炎先生较先提出了名为“联省自治”的救国政治方案。在国家政治体制架构设计中,它主张西式地方自治,推崇多中心主义,极力反对单一制,强调国家权力的制衡与分散,要把国家建设成联邦制的宪政民主国家。然而当前学术领域对于章氏“联省自治”思想的关注明显不够,研究问题单一,常以成败论英雄,以至留下了很多需要深入探索的问题。本文重点在于溯清章氏“联省自治”思想的形成脉络,提炼章氏“联省自治”思想不同于其他联邦主义思想的特点特色,结合其思想的具体实践,深度发掘章氏“联省自治”思想对近代以来中国宪政民主建设的积极意义。以期较为客观的评述章太炎的“联省自治”观念,还原其积极进步的一面。全文共分五个部分,第一部分详细介绍了清末以来,章太炎为破解国家时政危局而进行的央地关系思考以及相应的政治体制创设。章太炎关于国家政治体制架构方面的思想观念,从清末到民国,随着时代嬗变也不断地变化,但是仍然遵循其政治思想的脉络——从权威政治到近代西方政治的转化。第二部分是对章太炎最终形成的“联省自治”思想进行特点特色的归纳总结。从章氏“联省自治”思想中提炼出“虚置中央政府、‘由下而上’建国、主张人民公意制宪”三个主要特点并进行分析评价。第三部分是介绍了章太炎对湖南自治运动产生的实际影响。章太炎把湖南当做联省自治运动的“模范区”,为湖南省宪运动殚精竭虑,倾注了大量心血和努力,主要表现为:倡导湖南走联省自治道路、提出人民制宪的意见、建议对军人擅权进行预防、主张川湘结“唇齿之盟”,共四部分。第四部分是对章太炎“联省自治”思想的评述。认为章氏“联省自治”思想属于西方宪政理论范畴,具有反对军阀专权和弘扬民主为目的宪政价值,是爱国知识分子救国救民的有益探索。
[Abstract]:In view of the situation of the warlords in the Republic of China at the beginning of the 20th century, civil war after civil war, and the state in chaos and disorder, Zhang Taiyan put forward the political plan of saving the nation called "United Provincial Autonomy". In the design of the national political system, it advocates the western-style local autonomy, advocates polycentrism, strongly opposes the unitary system, emphasizes the checks and balances and dispersion of state power, and builds the country into a federal constitutional democracy. However, the current academic field has not paid enough attention to Zhang's thought of "United province autonomy", and the research problem is single, and the hero is often discussed by success or failure, leaving a lot of problems to be explored in depth. This paper focuses on tracing the formation of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", refining the characteristics of Zhang's thought of "associating provincial autonomy" with other federalism, and combining with the concrete practice of his thoughts. Deeply explore the positive significance of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" to the construction of constitutional democracy in modern China. In order to objectively comment on Zhang Taiyan's concept of "United provincial autonomy", restore its positive and progressive side. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces in detail Zhang Taiyan's thoughts on the relationship between central and local government and the establishment of corresponding political system since the end of Qing Dynasty. Zhang Taiyan's ideas on the structure of national political system, from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, changed constantly with the times, but still followed the thread of his political ideas- the transformation from authoritative politics to modern western politics. The second part is a summary of the characteristics of Zhang Taiyan's thought of "United provincial autonomy". This paper abstracts the three main features of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", namely, "virtual central government," establishing the state from the bottom up "and advocating the people's common will to make constitution" and makes an analysis and evaluation. " The third part introduces Zhang Taiyan's actual influence on Hunan Autonomous Movement. Zhang Taiyan regarded Hunan as the "model district" of the autonomous movement of the United provinces and devoted a great deal of effort and effort to the constitutional movement of Hunan Province. The main manifestations were: advocating Hunan to follow the road of autonomous provincial autonomy and putting forward the people's opinions on constitution-making. It is suggested to prevent military trespass and advocate Sichuan Hunan knot "Lip and Tooth League", which consists of four parts. The fourth part is the comment on Zhang Taiyan's thought of combining provincial autonomy. It is considered that Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" belongs to the theory of western constitutionalism and has the constitutional value of opposing the monopoly of warlords and promoting democracy, which is a useful exploration for patriotic intellectuals to save the country and save the people.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D693
[Abstract]:In view of the situation of the warlords in the Republic of China at the beginning of the 20th century, civil war after civil war, and the state in chaos and disorder, Zhang Taiyan put forward the political plan of saving the nation called "United Provincial Autonomy". In the design of the national political system, it advocates the western-style local autonomy, advocates polycentrism, strongly opposes the unitary system, emphasizes the checks and balances and dispersion of state power, and builds the country into a federal constitutional democracy. However, the current academic field has not paid enough attention to Zhang's thought of "United province autonomy", and the research problem is single, and the hero is often discussed by success or failure, leaving a lot of problems to be explored in depth. This paper focuses on tracing the formation of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", refining the characteristics of Zhang's thought of "associating provincial autonomy" with other federalism, and combining with the concrete practice of his thoughts. Deeply explore the positive significance of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" to the construction of constitutional democracy in modern China. In order to objectively comment on Zhang Taiyan's concept of "United provincial autonomy", restore its positive and progressive side. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces in detail Zhang Taiyan's thoughts on the relationship between central and local government and the establishment of corresponding political system since the end of Qing Dynasty. Zhang Taiyan's ideas on the structure of national political system, from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, changed constantly with the times, but still followed the thread of his political ideas- the transformation from authoritative politics to modern western politics. The second part is a summary of the characteristics of Zhang Taiyan's thought of "United provincial autonomy". This paper abstracts the three main features of Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy", namely, "virtual central government," establishing the state from the bottom up "and advocating the people's common will to make constitution" and makes an analysis and evaluation. " The third part introduces Zhang Taiyan's actual influence on Hunan Autonomous Movement. Zhang Taiyan regarded Hunan as the "model district" of the autonomous movement of the United provinces and devoted a great deal of effort and effort to the constitutional movement of Hunan Province. The main manifestations were: advocating Hunan to follow the road of autonomous provincial autonomy and putting forward the people's opinions on constitution-making. It is suggested to prevent military trespass and advocate Sichuan Hunan knot "Lip and Tooth League", which consists of four parts. The fourth part is the comment on Zhang Taiyan's thought of combining provincial autonomy. It is considered that Zhang's thought of "United provincial autonomy" belongs to the theory of western constitutionalism and has the constitutional value of opposing the monopoly of warlords and promoting democracy, which is a useful exploration for patriotic intellectuals to save the country and save the people.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D693
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