论台湾政党体制与公共政策的关系

发布时间：2019-02-25 07:55

【摘要】：自中国国民党1949年退居台湾以来,历经短短六十六年的发展,台湾政党体制在内外因素的共同作用之下,发生了剧烈而复杂的变化,台湾政党体制由二元结构为基础的“一党独大”威权体制,经过多党竞争时期、两党多元竞争时期,逐渐向相对稳定的两党竞争体制发展,非竞争性政党制度成为一种竞争性的政党制度。在台湾民主政治和政党体制发展过程中,政党是政治生活的重要主体,是公共政策决策的主要参与者,执政党利用政权优势制定和执行公共政策,主导着公共政策议题的发展方向,在野党则利用在“民意代表机构”中的权力,以及体制外抗争和发动社会群众运动等方式,表达利益诉求,影响公共政策决策。台湾政党体制对公共政策决策发挥主导性作用,一方面,政党作为政治生活的重要主体和公共政策决策的主要参与者,通过政治权力的掌控和运用,主导着公共政策议题的形成和发展,对公共政策决策发挥决定性作用；另一方面,台湾社会阶层的分化和公众利益诉求的积累,必然要促生或通过政党来代表,台湾公众利用政党选举体制中的“游戏规则”,用选票表达利益诉求和政策喜好,借用政党载体成为公共政策的参与者,形成公共政策主客体在一定程度上的辩证统一。台湾政党选举体制的形成和发展,透过选举使政府公共政策与公众利益诉求实现有效衔接,公众的利益诉求和政策喜好通过政治精英和政党组织的渠道,影响着政府公共政策决策。同时,政府公共政策以法律和行政等形态规制公众行为、分配公众利益,并对这种结果赋予政治权力强制性的保障,深刻影响着公众的认知、行为和利益。作为台湾政党体制与公共政策关系的典型研究视角,大陆政策一直被视为台湾公众关注的首位公共政策,大陆政策深受台湾政党体制的影响,随着政党体制和民主政治的演进而发展,大陆政策对台湾公众的认知、行为和利益发挥着导向、控制和协调的作用。反之,台湾公众对大陆的认知,以及在与大陆交往过程中形成的现实利益,成为台湾政府和各政党制定大陆政策的民意基础,对大陆政策的决策起到基础性作用。分析研究台湾政党体制和公共政策之间的关系,有助于我国政治制度和公共政策的整体研究,有助于我们深刻理解中央明确提出的“寄希望于台湾人民,争取台湾民心”政策和“两岸一家亲”理念的精神实质,为我们做好对台实际工作提供些许思考路径。
[Abstract]:Since the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan in 1949, after a short period of 66 years of development, the political party system in Taiwan has undergone drastic and complex changes under the joint action of internal and external factors. Taiwan's political party system, which is based on a dualistic structure, has gradually developed into a relatively stable system of competition between the two parties, after a period of multi-party competition and a period of pluralistic competition between the two parties. The non-competitive party system has become a competitive political party system. In the process of the development of Taiwan's democratic politics and political party system, political parties are the main body of political life and the main participants in public policy decisions. The ruling party makes use of the advantages of political power to formulate and implement public policies. The opposition party uses the power in the "representative public opinion organization", as well as the way of fighting outside the system and arousing the social mass movement to express the interest demand and influence the public policy decision. Taiwan's political party system plays a leading role in public policy decision-making. On the one hand, as an important part of political life and a major participant in public policy decisions, political parties control and use political power. It dominates the formation and development of public policy issues and plays a decisive role in public policy decisions; On the other hand, the division of Taiwan's social strata and the accumulation of public interest demands must be promoted or represented by political parties. The Taiwan public uses the "rules of the game" in the party election system to express interest demands and policy preferences with votes. Borrowing the carrier of political party to become the participant of public policy, forming the dialectical unity of subject and object of public policy to a certain extent. The formation and development of Taiwan's political party electoral system, through which the government's public policy can be effectively linked to the public's interest demands, and the public's interest demands and policy preferences through the channels of political elites and political party organizations. Affects the government public policy decision. At the same time, the government public policy regulates the public behavior in the form of law and administration, distributes the public interest, and assigns the political power to this kind of result compulsory safeguard, deeply affects the public cognition, the behavior and the benefit. As a typical perspective in the study of the relationship between Taiwan's political party system and public policy, mainland policy has always been regarded as the first public policy concerned by the Taiwan public, and the mainland policy is deeply influenced by Taiwan's political party system. With the evolution of the political party system and democratic politics, the mainland policy plays a guiding, controlling and coordinating role in the cognition, behavior and interests of the Taiwan public. On the contrary, the Taiwan public's cognition of the mainland and the realistic interests formed in the process of communication with the mainland have become the basis of public opinion for the Taiwan government and political parties to formulate the mainland policy, and play a fundamental role in the decision-making of the mainland policy. The analysis and study of the relationship between Taiwan's political party system and public policy is conducive to the overall study of China's political system and public policy, and to our profound understanding of the "hope placed on the people of Taiwan," as clearly stated by the Central Committee. The spiritual essence of the "policy of winning the support of the people of Taiwan" and the concept of "one family on both sides of the Taiwan Strait" provides us with some ways of thinking about the actual work of Taiwan.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D675.8

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