被殖民的“帝国”与半殖民地的殖民意愿

发布时间：2019-05-15 08:48

【摘要】："殖民"不是一个静态、中性的概念,任何从本质主义、绝对价值、整体观念出发,对中国半殖民地历史所做的解说,都属于以偏概全。近代中国的半殖民观念,需要进入中国的"内部历史",历史地、辩证地来看待。近代中国处于被殖民与向外拓殖的双重境遇,知识分子怀有殖民地与帝国的双重心态,这恰是中国的半殖民地境遇和心态的反映。近代中国的殖民意愿,一则基于"天朝上国"的遗留心态;二则受到西方帝国的观念影响,这种观念认为拥有殖民地是现代民族国家和文明种族的表征;三则由于在世界文明、种族优劣格局中的自我民族定位,居于殖民地与帝国之间。不过,近代中国的拓殖事业与意愿,与列强的殖民活动和观念相比,主要为经济的而非政治的、个人的而非国家的、被动应对型而非主动出击型、民族自强型而非征服外族型、世界大同型而非帝国霸权型,故其殖民事业与殖民观念带有"半""附庸"的属性,只能勉强算是"半"殖民性质。被殖民与殖民、半殖民地与"殖民附庸者"的混杂,正是半殖民地中国的历史写照。
[Abstract]:"colonization" is not a static and neutral concept. Any explanation of Chinese semi-colonial history from the point of view of essentialism, absolute value and the whole concept belongs to the generality. The semi-colonial concept of modern China needs to be viewed dialectically in the internal history of China. Modern China is in the dual situation of colonization and colonization, and intellectuals have the dual mentality of colony and empire, which is the reflection of China's semi-colonial situation and mentality. The colonial will of modern China is one based on the legacy mentality of "heaven and the upper kingdom", the other is influenced by the concept of western empire, which holds that the possession of colonies is the symbol of modern nation-state and civilized race. Third, due to the self-national position in the pattern of world civilization and race, it lives between colonies and empires. However, compared with the colonial activities and ideas of the great powers, the colonization cause and will of modern China are mainly economic rather than political, individual rather than state, passive coping type rather than active attack type, national self-improvement type rather than conquering alien type. Because the colonial cause and colonial concept have the attribute of "half" and "vassal", they can only be regarded as "half" colonial nature. The mixture of colonization and colonization, semi-colony and colonial vassal is the historical portrayal of semi-colonial China.
【作者单位】：西南大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“民国城市的文学想象与民族国家观念的建构研究”(项目编号:14BZW115) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“半殖民语境下的民国文学研究”(项目编号:SWU1509109)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D691

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