中国共产党的人民政协协商民主理论研究

发布时间：2019-05-17 11:37

【摘要】：世纪之交,西方协商民主理论引入中国,引起国内学术界的研究热潮。中国共产党从国内实践出发,总结了建国以来协商民主的实践经验,提出了协商民主的概念和七种渠道的社会主义协商民主体系,推动了中国协商民主的迅速发展。人民政协作为实现社会主义协商民主的重要渠道,在协商民主建设中发挥着重要的作用。目前,人民政协协商民主处于迅速发展期,但是,“协商民主”、“人民政协协商民主”的概念从提出到上升为国家民主制度的顶层设计却是近几年的事情。在此之前,学术界多是从统一战线和政党制度的角度,在政治策略和工具意义上理解人民政协。学术界对人民政协协商民主的理论研究具有滞后性。然而,中国现代化进程中不断出的新情况和新问题,以及人民政协自身发展的实践需要,都要求我们从协商民主的视角研究人民政协协商民主理论。研究民主问题,尤其是研究人民政协协商民主问题,不能脱离中国的语境和实践。中国民主政治的发展始终是在中国共产党的牵引下进行的,没有什么理论能够脱离这一点而直接发挥作用。所以,本文以中国共产党的人民政协协商民主理论为研究对象,在中国共产党的话语体系和话语逻辑下,基于马克思主义民主理论,中国特色社会主义民主政治的理论和实践,研究中国共产党关于人民政协协商民主理论的建构思路、体系内容、构成要素、理论定位等内容,分析中国特有的协商民主模式,为人民政协协商民主的发展提供系统的理论支撑。本文由六部分组成,分为导论和五章正文。导论部分包括选题背景和研究问题的提出,核心概念界定,国内相关研究的文献述评,研究方法的确定,以及本文可能存在的创新之处与研究难点。第一章探讨人民政协协商民主的理论基础。本章从马克思主义民主政治理论,中国共产党人民民主理论和统一战线理论、政党理论等三个维度入手探讨人民政协协商民主的理论基础。第二章人民政协协商民主理论的实践基础。本章将从五个阶段分析政协协商的实践经验：一是建国前“三三制”政权时期中国协商民主的萌芽；二是1949—1954年,人民政协协商民主的产生；三是1954—1978年,政协协商的初步发展和曲折发展；四是改革开放后政协协商的恢复和进一步发展；五是2006年以来政协协商的全面深入发展。本章梳理了历史上每个阶段所形成的协商民主形式和要素,总结中国共产党关于人民政协协商民主发展阶段的认识,为下文分析中共关于理论建构思路或逻辑奠定实践基础。第三章主要探讨中国共产党关于人民政协协商民主理论的建构思路和理论的价值诉求。在前两章对人民政协协商民主的理论基础和实践基础进行总结和分析的基础上,本章旨在揭示中国共产党关于人民政协协商民主理论的建构思路与价值诉求。中国共产党的人民民主理论包含四个方面的内容,即民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督(以下简称“四个民主”)。人民政协协商民主是从“参与”(具体包括“四个民主”中的民主决策和民主管理)和“监督”(即“四个民主”中的民主监督)的视角对人民民主理论的发展与完善。这是中国共产党关于人民政协协商民主理论的主要建构逻辑。在这一逻辑下,人民政协协商民主具有自身的独特特点和价值诉求,这些内容构成了人民政协协商民主的规范理论。第四章具体分析了人民政协协商民主理论的构成要素。上一章从规范理论的角度整体阐释了人民政协协商民主理论,本章从应用理论的微观视角讨论理论要素的内容及其发展完善的问题。人民政协协商民主理论要素包括主体、客体、形式与程序四个方面。一方面对已有实践尤其是地方实践中的一些创新做法进行分析和总结。另一方面分析中央的一些新提法和新判断。第五章分析了人民政协协商民主的定位、理论贡献与正当性。在社会主义协商民主理论体系中,人民政协是社会主义协商民主的重要渠道和专门协商机构,政协协商与其他六种协商渠道有着非常密切的关系。人民政协协商民主的贡献在于其是一种不同于西方协商民主的协商民主形式。人民政协协商民主以集体主义为价值导向,这种民主模式有助于解决协商民主发展过程中潜在的“群体极化”等问题,并能够将国家机构和社会民众有效的联系起来,促进国家治理体系的发展完善。人民政协协商民主的正当性源自于其价值追求、程序发展的合社会历史性,源自其在特定历史阶段的制度设计具有有效性。
[Abstract]:At the turn of the century, the western consultative democratic theory has introduced China, causing the research upsurge of the domestic academic circles. From the domestic practice, the Communist Party of China summarized the practical experience of the consultation and democracy since the founding of the People's Republic of China, put forward the concept of consultation and democracy and the socialist consultative democracy system of seven channels, and promoted the rapid development of China's consultation and democracy. The People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), as an important channel for the realization of the socialist consultative democracy, plays an important role in the negotiation of democratic construction. At present, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), in consultation with the Democratic People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is in a rapid development phase. However, the concept of the "consultation and democracy" and "The People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)" has been a matter of recent years from the point that the top-level design of the national democratic system has been raised. Until then, the academic circles are from the angle of the united front and the political party system, and understand the CPPCC in the sense of political strategy and tools. The academic circles have a lag in the theoretical study of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). However, the new situation and the new problems in the process of the modernization of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the practical needs of the development of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) require us to study the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the perspective of consultation and democracy. To study the issues of democracy, especially the issue of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), cannot be divorced from the context and practice of China. The development of Chinese democratic politics has always been carried out under the traction of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, based on the theory of Marxist democracy and the theory and practice of the socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics under the discourse system and the discourse logic of the Communist Party of China, the paper takes the democratic theory as the research object in the consultation of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the Communist Party of China. The paper studies the construction of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the content of the system, the constituent elements, the theoretical orientation and so on, analyzes the unique democratic model of China, and provides the theoretical support for the development of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). This paper is composed of six parts, which are divided into introduction and five chapters. The introduction part includes the background of the topic and the development of the research, the definition of the core concept, the literature review of the relevant research in the country, the determination of the research method, and the innovation and the research difficulties that may exist in this paper. The first chapter discusses the theoretical basis of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. This chapter starts with the three dimensions of Marxist democratic political theory, the people's democratic theory of the Communist Party of China, the theory of the united front and the theory of political party, and discusses the theoretical basis of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. The second chapter is the practice basis of the consultation and democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference. This chapter will analyze the practical experience of the CPPCC's consultation in five stages: first, the emergence of the democratic revolution in China's consultation during the first "three-three system" of the state before the founding of the People's Political Consultative Conference; the second is the emergence of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference in 1954; the third is the preliminary development and the tortuous development of the consultation of the CPPCC in 1978 and the CPPCC; The fourth is the resumption and further development of the CPPCC's consultation after the reform and opening-up; the fifth is the comprehensive and in-depth development of the CPPCC's consultation since 2006. This chapter summarizes the form and elements of the consultation formed in each stage of the history, and summarizes the understanding of the Chinese Communist Party on the stage of the consultation and the democratic development of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and provides a practical basis for the analysis of the ideas or logic of the theoretical construction of the Chinese Communist Party. The third chapter mainly discusses the idea and the value demands of the Communist Party of China on the construction of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the theoretical basis and practice of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in the first two chapters, the purpose of this chapter is to reveal the construction and value demands of the Chinese Communist Party's consultation on the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The Chinese Communist Party's theory of people's democracy includes four aspects: democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision (hereinafter referred to as" "Four Democracy" "). The consultative democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is the development and perfection of the people's democratic theory from the perspective of the "take part in" (including the democratic decision-making and the democratic management in the "Four Democracy") and the "superintendence" (that is, the democratic supervision in the "Four Democracy"). This is the main construction logic of the Chinese Communist Party's consultation on the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference. In this logic, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), in consultation with democracy, has its own unique characteristics and value demands, which form the normative theory of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The fourth chapter analyses the composition of the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The last chapter expounds the democratic theory of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in a whole from the angle of the standard theory. This chapter discusses the content of the theoretical elements and the problems of its development from the micro-perspective of the application theory. The elements of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference include the subject, the object, the form and the program. On the one hand, some innovations in the practice, especially in local practice, are analyzed and summarized. On the other hand, some new reference and new judgment of the center are analyzed. The fifth chapter analyses the position, theoretical contribution and legitimacy of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference. In the system of socialist consultation and democracy, the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is an important channel of the socialist consultative democracy and a special consultation mechanism, and the consultation of the CPPCC and other six kinds of consultation channels has a very close relationship. The contribution of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to the democratic process is that it is a form of consultation and democracy that is different from the western consultative democracy. The consultative democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is guided by collectivism as a value, which helps to solve the potential "population polarization" and other problems in the process of consultation and democracy, and can effectively link the national institutions and the social people to promote the development and perfection of the national governance system. The legitimacy of the consultation and democracy of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is derived from its value pursuit, the social and historical development of the program development, and its effectiveness in the system design at the specific historical stage.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D621

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