污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性及参与机制研究

发布时间：2019-05-23 19:30

【摘要】：随着人类城镇化率和城镇人口规模的不断增加,需要越来越多的公共服务设施以满足城镇居民的需要。然而,其中一些公共设施具有一定的污染特性(如垃圾焚烧发电厂),会对附近居民的利益造成损害,这种具有服务全社会居民生活需要的功能,但对设施附近居民有直接的污染威胁,需要附近居民额外承担其他区域居民所不必承担的负外部性成本,因而遭到设施附近居民强烈反对的公共设施即为污染型邻避设施。而在污染型邻避设施项目的规划建设中引入公众参与机制,不仅可以维护项目附近居民的自身利益,而且还可以提高项目规划的科学性及其决策的合理性。因此,如何科学、准确地评价污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与的有效性,以及如何有针对性地提出污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与机制设计的对策建议,提高公众参与的有效性,就显得非常重要。首先,通过文献研究、专家咨询和数理统计等方法,在识别并筛选了公众参与有效性的十七项影响因素和四个隐变量的基础上,建立了污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性评价指标体系。该指标体系在总体目标层上以污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与的有效性为唯一指标,其系统准则层横跨了参与主体、参与过程、参与结果、参与环境四个维度,并且在基本指标层上构建包含参与公众的代表性、公众参与方式的适用性、公众意见影响决策的程度、项目信息的公开程度等十七个具体的评价指标。其次,在建立的污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性评价指标体系基础上,基于定量分析和客观评价的研究思维,组合运用云模型(CM)的定性与定量相互转换模型和灰关联度法(GRA)的客观权值计算的研究方法,构建了污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性评价的CM-GRA集成模型。再次,为了进一步评价和模拟污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性的实际情况,论文以太原市垃圾焚烧发电厂项目公众参与有效性调查问卷数据为基础,通过CM-GRA集成模型的数据处理,计算出该项目公众参与有效性评价指标体系中各层级指标的评价云和权值。以四个系统准则层指标和十七个基本指标层指标的评价云和权值作为切入点,通过比较云模型的数字特征和权值大小,确定公众有效参与的薄弱环节和重要环节。实例分析结果表明,该项目中公众参与的有效性一般,并且CM-GRA集成模型对此问题的研究具有较好的适用性和可操作性。最后,综合评价指标体系中各层级指标的评价云,从中观层面揭示公众参与有效性的制约因素,并以制约因素和各层级指标的权值为依据,从“参与结果改善机制”、“参与主体素质提升机制”、“参与过程优化机制”、“参与环境完善机制”四个方面出发,提出污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与机制设计的对策建议。综上所述,论文基于当前国内外专家学者关于污染型邻避设施和公众参与相关理论研究文献的整理和综述,通过对评价指标体系建立、CM-GRA集成模型构建、实例分析和公众参与机制设计的对策建议研究,以期为污染型邻避设施规划建设中公众参与有效性及参与机制研究提供积极的参考借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the increasing urbanization rate and the scale of urban population, more and more public service facilities are needed to meet the needs of urban residents. However, some of the public facilities have certain pollution characteristics (such as waste incineration power plants), which can cause damage to the interests of the nearby residents, which has the function of serving the life of the residents of the whole society, but there is a direct pollution threat to the residents in the vicinity of the facilities, The public facilities, which are strongly opposed by the residents in the vicinity of the facility, are the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities, which require the residents of the nearby residents to bear the negative externality cost that the residents of other regions do not have to bear. The introduction of the public participation mechanism in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent shelter project not only can maintain the self-interest of the residents in the vicinity of the project, but also can improve the scientificity of the project planning and the rationality of the decision-making. Therefore, how to scientifically and accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the public participation in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities, and how to put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on the design of the public participation mechanism in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities, it is very important to improve the effectiveness of the public participation. First, through the methods of literature research, expert consultation and mathematical statistics, the evaluation index system of the public participation effectiveness in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent-avoidance facilities is set up on the basis of identifying and screening the seven influential factors and the four hidden variables of the public participation effectiveness. The index system is the only indicator of the effectiveness of the public participation in the planning and construction of the pollution-based adjacent protection facilities on the overall objective, and the system criterion layer spans the four dimensions of the participation in the main body, the participation process, the participation result and the participation environment. And the basic index layer is provided with seventeen specific evaluation indexes including the representativeness of participating in the public, the applicability of the public participation method, the degree of the public opinion influencing the decision, the degree of the public opinion influencing the decision and the public degree of the project information. Secondly, on the basis of the evaluation index system of public participation in the construction of the established pollution-type adjacent protection facilities, based on the research thinking of quantitative analysis and objective evaluation, The paper constructs the CM-GRA integration model of the public participation effectiveness evaluation in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent-avoidance facilities by using the qualitative and quantitative transformation model of the cloud model (CM) and the objective weight calculation of the gray correlation degree method (GRA). Thirdly, in order to further evaluate and simulate the actual situation of the public participation effectiveness in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities, the paper is based on the questionnaire data of the public participation effectiveness survey of the project of the Taiyuan Waste Incineration Power Plant and the data processing of the CM-GRA integrated model. And the evaluation cloud and the weight value of each level indicator in the evaluation index system of the public participation effectiveness of the project are calculated. The weak link and the important link of the public's effective participation are determined by comparing the digital characteristics and the weight of the cloud model with the evaluation cloud and the weight value of the four system criterion layer indexes and the seventeen basic index layer indexes as the starting point. The results of the example show that the effectiveness of the public participation in the project is generally, and the CM-GRA integrated model has good applicability and operability to the research of this problem. In the end, the evaluation cloud of each level indicator in the comprehensive evaluation index system is based on the four aspects of the "Participation in the results-improving mechanism", the "participate in the main body's quality improvement mechanism", the "participation process optimization mechanism" and the "Participate in the environment perfect mechanism", The suggestions on the design of the public participation mechanism in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities are put forward. In conclusion, based on the current domestic and foreign experts and scholars on the arrangement and the review of the related theories of the pollution-type neighbor-avoidance facilities and the public participation, through the establishment of the evaluation index system, the construction of the CM-GRA integration model, the case analysis and the design of the public participation mechanism, The aim of this paper is to provide a positive reference for the study of the public participation and the participation mechanism in the planning and construction of the pollution-type adjacent protection facilities.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X32;TU984;D621.5

【参考文献】